2023 JPJC J1 MYE Ans Key

H1 Geography Weighted Assessment 1 Marking scheme 1 Resource 1 shows the Waste Generation Index and Recycling Index of countries in 2 019. Resource 2 shows disposal methods of non -hazardous solid waste of countries by income level. Resource 3 shows a photograph of the Bhalswa landfill site in New Delhi, India- a middle income country. a) With reference to Resource 1, describe the relationship between the Waste Generation Index and Recycling Index of countries. Award 1 mark for each description of the relationship between the Waste Generation Index and Recycling Index of countries , to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. Possible responses include: [4] • Generally, countries with higher waste generation rate (low index) tend to score higher in the Recycling Index as well. E.g. Germany with 10 on Recycling Index and 1.2 on Waste Generation Index [1] • On the other hand, countries with lower waste generation rate, (high index) tend to score lower in the Recycling Index as well. E.g. India with 2 on Recycling Index and 7.5 on Waste Generation index [1] • There are some exceptions/outliers to this trend, especially for some high income and upper middle income countries away from the best fit line (e.g. Japan with a significantly higher recycling rate despite having a lower waste generation rate than countries like US) [1] • Income has a strong correlation with the Recycling and Waste Generation Index as higher income countries tend to have higher recycling and higher waste generation (E.g. US) whilst lower/lower middle income countries have lower recycling and lower waste generation rate (E.g. India) [1] b) Using Resource 1, suggest reasons for the United States’ position as shown in Resource 1. [4] Award 1 mark for each reason for the position of US, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. Award a maximum of 2 marks for mention of only 1 Index. Possible responses include: • US scores the lowest on the waste generation index (0), which means that it generates the highest waste amongst all countries → This is due to capitalistic consumerist culture in America with high affluence and demand for material goods which generate much waste in terms of packaging as well [2] • US has a high score of 8 on the Recycling index due to technology and funds in investing in recycling infrastructure like machinery/ recycling stations [1] • However, it is still lower than other countries like Germany and Japan who generate less waste→ could be due to mindsets of population/ lack of countrywide policies to encourage recycling [1] c) With reference to Resource 2, describe the differences in disposal methods between high-income and low-income countries. [3] Award 1 mark for each difference, to a maximum of 3 marks.