2023 NJC J1 Promos Ans Key

SH1 Promo 2023 9173 H2 Geography Suggested Marking Guide Disclaimer: The Suggested Marking Guide should be treated with confidentiality, and should be used with discretion.

2 Section A Cluster 4: Fieldwork Question Answer Marks 1(a) With reference to Resource 1, explain why the students’ hypothesis is suitable. Award 1 mark for each explanation on suitability of students’ hypothesis, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible answers include: • [clearly defined] The hypothesis is clearly defined with variable (flood risk) and population (the two sites, Sungai Melaka and Sungai Simpang Kiri) clearly stated) • [Scale: Spatial] The distance between the two locations is reasonable, they are 90km apart which means that they are likely to have similar climate conditions. o It is also easy to travel from one location to another as it is less than a 2-hour drive away. The students are visiting both locations on two different days which makes the investigation manageable. • [Scale: Temporal] The time spent in each area is enough to collect some data for their investigation. o Spending an afternoon at each river would allow them to collect 10 responses from the area. • [Methods] The use of surveys will allow the students to find out about flood risk perceptions of those who live and work near the river. • [manpower]The hypothesis is suitable for investigation as they have sufficient manpower (4 students) for data collection in both areas. AO1 4 1(b) With reference to Resources 2A and 2B, explain how potential risks of the investigation can be mitigated. Award 1 mark for each explanation on how students can mitigate potential risks, to a maximum of 5 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible answers include: ● Heavy rain might occur which can result in the students falling sick. ○ To mitigate this, students should check the weather forecast before heading to the field site and bring umbrellas or raincoats as a precaution for changes in weather conditions. They should also seek shelter immediately if there is the arrival of inclement weather. ● Students might be in danger collecting data from people in a 5

3 foreign country. ○ To mitigate this, students should move around in pairs and always stay near the rest of the group, communicating when there is movement. ● Respondents to the students’ survey questionnaire might get agitated and become hostile towards the students ○ To mitigate this, students should pilot test their survey questions to avoid sensitive questions which may unintentionally provoke the respondents ● Wildlife may be present in Sungai Simpang Kiri that can injure students unintentionally ○ Students should be alert at all times, and do prior research on possible wildlife and how to avoid accidents upon an encounter. ● Students might get sun stroke as they are collecting data in the afternoons and there is not much shelter in the area. ○ Students should wear cool and comfortable clothing, bringing sufficient water to hydrate themselves frequently. AO1 1(c) With reference to Resource 2A, describe one sampling method that the students can adopt for their survey data collection at Sungai Melaka. Award 1 mark for each valid description, to a maximum of 4 marks. Possible answers include: • If possible, students should obtain the sampling frame of the area near Sungai Melaka (i.e. the list of housing and shop units within the area) o Students can consider doing a recce on the first half of day one to list out the housing units in the area o Students can make use of google maps to list out the shop and houses in the area. Random sampling • Using a random number generator, generate a random number and the unit associated with it will be surveyed • Continue the previous step until at least 10 responses are obtained • Random sampling is a probability sampling method that ensures that all housing and shop units within the area are given equal chance of being selected, and it is less biased. Systematic sampling • Using a random number generator, generate a random number and the unit associated with it will be surveyed • This number will be used as the interval of housing/shop units until at least 10 responses are obtained • Systematic sampling reduces the probability of a clustered selection of housing and shop units and ensures all units have an equal chance of being selected. AO2 4

4 1(d) With reference to Resource 3, explain how the survey might not help them to gather data accurately. Award 1 mark for each valid description and explanation, with a maximum of 6 marks. Possible answers: ● There were questions that seemed potentially sensitive and irrelevant to the hypothesis. ○ Questions such as “how old are you” might be sensitive and age is not a variable in the hypothesis. ● They used a lot of technical jargon such as “mitigation strategies” and “adaptive capacity”. ○ The respondents might not understand these terms and the answers given might not be accurate when respondents provide answers to complete the survey quickly. ● There were no labels for the numbers on the scale. ○ Respondents might rate according to their perspective of what 1 and what 10 is which can differ among individuals. ● Some questions asked are too subjective without a guide given to them. ○ Different respondents might have different views of what low, medium and high risk are. AO2 6 1(e) With reference to Resource 2A, 2B and 3, suggest other suitable data collection methods aid in the student’s investigation. Award 1 mark for each valid description, with a maximum of 6 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for elaboration of each description point. Possible responses include: ● Students can conduct interviews from the shop owners and people living near the rivers through using a map to narrow down the area where they would interview people in to get in depth understanding on the respondents’ flood risk perception. ○ This can be done through spatial mapping/ sketching of the area around the river ● Students can also measure flood likelihood scores to find out flood risk. The flood risk score of each site is then calculated by multiplying the flood severity score with the flood likelihood score. ○ For flood likelihood, students can find the mean of the scores derived from data of height of land above river level ○ Flood severity score can be found from the mean of the scores from percentage of built-up land and land use ● Secondary data can be collected from credible sources on past flood events and flood mitigation strategies implemented in the area. ● Primary data can be collected via taking photographs, field sketches with important features annotated to them and creating a land use map of the area near the river 5

5 AO1 1(f) Using a suitable mode of data representation, present the data on perception of flood risk at the two rivers as shown in Resource 4 and justify your choice. Award 1 mark for each correct component of the graph (labelling, title, proportion) to a maximum of 3 marks. Award 1 mark for each explanation on the suitability of the chosen method to a maximum of 3 marks. Possible answers include: ● A comparative bar graph helps to present the information in a clear and simple format for easy reading. ● A bar graph is used to represent discrete data or data in categories that are not continuous in nature. ● It also allows for easy comparison of data sets across the two rivers. AO2 6 1(g) With reference to all the Resources and your own knowledge, evaluate the usefulness of this investigation in examining the factors influencing flood risk.