2023 NYJC J1 MYE QP

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE Year 1 Common Test H2 GEOGRAPHY 9173/01 27 Jun 2023 1 hour 45 mins Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer one question. You are advised to spend not more than 50 minutes for Section A. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the questions. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 7 printed pages. [Turn over

2 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Section A Answer the question in this section. Cluster 3 Sustainable Future and Climate Change 1 Resource 1 shows the breakdown of Thailand’s plastics end use industries. Resource 2 shows Bangkok’s plastics waste management hierarchy (left) and ideal waste management hierarchy (right). Resource 3 shows a photograph of a young dugong who died from infection exacerbated by plastic bits in her stomach. Resource 4 is an extract taken from an article about plastic waste pollution in Thailand. Resource 5 shows Thailand’s roadmap to plastic waste management 2018 – 2030. (a) Cite data from Resource 1 to describe the usage of plastic in Thailand. [4] (b) Using two examples, describe how single-use plastic is part of everyday urban life. [4] (c) Explain whether Bangkok’s plastic waste management hierarchy is sustainable in nature as shown in Resource 2. [5] (d) With reference to Resource 3 & 4, explain the demand placed on the natural environment due to plastic waste. [5] (e) With reference to Resource 4 and 5, explain the possible challenges faced by Thailand in meeting her vision of sustainable plastic management by circular economy. [6] (f) Suggest three possible strategies to help Thailand reduce single use pl astic consumption. [6]

3 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Resource 1 Breakdown of Thailand’s plastics end use industries Source: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/1b89de3d-97ed-5ad8-9cd4-3002169951d5 Resource 2 Bangkok’s plastics waste management hierarchy (left) and ideal waste management hierarchy (right) Note: MSW – Municipal Solid Waste; TPD – Tonnes Per Day Source: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/1b89de3d-97ed-5ad8-9cd4-3002169951d5 [Turn over

4 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Resource 3 Photograph of y oung dugong Marium which died from an infection exacerbated by bits of plastic lining her stomach in 2019 Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49380633

5 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Resource 4 An extract taken from an article about plastic waste pollution in Thailand Source: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna-insider/thailand-plastic-waste-import-problem-ocean- waterways-3132251 [Turn over Rubber farmer Tieb Samarnmit in Rayong province has seen this with his own eyes. His trees have died in recent years, and the alleged culprit is a nearby waste processing factory operated by a company called Win Process. According to the villagers of Nong Phawa, the company had dumped hazardous waste, including scrap plastic and used oil, illegally for year s. They called on the authorities to investigate in 2013, and the factory was ordered to stop operating and remove the waste. Yet, in 2017, Win Process obtained permits to operate. By 2020, many of his trees died. “Plants are usually able to grow in such land, but no matter what we tried, they wouldn’t grow,” he lamented, pointing to “yellow liquid” coming out of the ground. With help from non-governmental group Ecological Alert and Recovery – Thailand, the villagers sued Win Process last year. The lawsuit is ongoing. This case shows weaknesses in enforcement and the granting of permits, say observers. When they find violations of the law, government agencies tend to suspend companies’ licences, said Naresuan University law lecturer Ashijya Otwong. Factories are allowed to reopen after they fix the problem, even if they repeat the offence “more than 20 times”, she said. “We have to think about the permission process, monitoring process and also how to enforce the law.” The lack of a central agency with oversight could be a factor. Like Ashijya, non -governmental organisation worker Sumniang Boonlue believes it is up to the government to better address the problem of waste dumping. He does not blame the consumers whose rubbish he fishes out of a waterway. “The state didn’t provide eno ugh facilities.” he said. The Lat Phrao canal happens to be his home. His family have lived along the tributary of the Chao Phraya River for generations. The freshwater snails and small prawns that residents used to find have all gone. Trees along the ca nal cannot be watered using the canal’s polluted water or they would die. Since the pandemic, he has had to remove more rubbish from the canal. From a tonne a day, his team from the TerraCycle Thai Foundation are hauling an extra 400 to 500 kilogrammes. “ Because of the lockdown, people couldn’t go out, so they spent all their time eating at home.” And they dumped more food and beverage containers in the canal. Cleaner waterways also help to mitigate floods. Waste in canals traps other debris and more sed iment. This reduces the capacity of canals and increases the risk of flooding, he noted.

6 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Resource 5 Thailand’s roadmap to plastic waste management 2018 – 2030 Source: https://www.pcd.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/pcdnew-2021-10-19_08-59-54_995414.pdf

7 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Section B Answer one question from this section. 2 ‘The impacts of urban reimaging are rarely positive.’ Evaluate this statement. [20] 3 Evaluate the success of the strategies used to address issues faced by women in the cities. [20] End of Paper