2023 NYJC J1 Promos Ans Key

1 JC1 H2 Geography End-of-Year Examination Suggested Answers Section A 1. A group of 10 students carried out an investigation to look into the needs of the elderly living in urban neighbourhoods, particularly the homeless in Singapore. They decided on the following hypothesis for their investigation: ‘Homelessness is more pre valent amongst the lower income elderly in Singapore because they cannot afford to pay for housing.’ The group decided to do a survey on the homeless elderly around Singapore via a questionnaire that is being translated to the 3 major languages – Mandarin, Malay and Tamil. They have decided to do their survey in different parts of Singapore where they stay. They also plan to do their survey from 10pm to about 12midnight on a Friday, and look for them at void decks and near closed eateries. Resource 1 shows an infographic of the homeless in Singapore. Resources 2A and 2B show the questionnaire survey (the English version) the students used in their investigation and the selected results of the questionnaire survey. Resource 3 shows how the Singapore government is helping the elderly population in terms of housing. (a) Explain whether the student’s hypothesis is capable of research. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation of why the hypothesis is capable of research, to a maximum of 4m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: Yes, capable of research.  Clearly defined – identified a specific target group: lower income elderly [1m] There are limitations to the research.  Not a suitable scale – whole of Singapore too big a scale for 10 students, and doing GI on only one Friday night is too short a time with too little manpower to yield many samples ( Resource 2B shows only 24 samples – too small a sample for a hypothesis that investigates on Singapore). [1m]  Not fully researchable – Although the students might be able to find some homeless elderly in the neighbourhood that they live in and are familiar with, and be able to ask some questions through the questionnaire, [1m] they have not familiarise themselves with secondary data available - like where the homeless are congregated (eg. Downtown, Bedok, Kallang), and research those more populated areas instead. [1 additional mark]

2 (b) With reference to Resources 1 and 2A, explain how the students can best collect data on the homeless elderly in Singapore. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation of how students can best collect data on the homeless elderly in Singapore. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include:  Resource 1: To determine a sample size and to have enough manpower for collecting data for the area (ie . Singapore) [1m]. If they are limited to 10 students, they should then do a stratified sampling to obtain representative data of the population  eg. Collect equal elderly samples from areas with most homeless persons – like Downtown, Bedok and Kallang [ 1 additional mark].  Resource 2A: Explain to the elderly what the investigation is about first so they will understand the purpose [1m] and if they consent to do the questionnaire, the results will be more meaningful and reliable [1 additional mark].  Resource 2A: might also be better to have open-ended interview questions (eg. why do you choose to stay out here?) [1m] rather than a questionnaire that assumes (eg. Q1 and Q2 - that they stay out because they have no choice or they didn’t want to stay with anybody, which is ambiguious) [1 additional mark]. (c) Suggest how the students could minimize potential risk while conducting their investigations on the homeless elderly. [6] Award 1 mark for each suggestion on how the students could minimize po tential risk while conducting their investigations, up to a maximum of 6 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each suggestion, where applicable. Possible responses include:  Stranger Danger – Students should always go in groups of 2 for safety reasons [1m]. This is because they will be approaching strangers, and the investigation is done at night in places that are usually hidden (privacy for homeless). Some of these homeless might even demand a favour in return for the information they give [1 additional mark].  Risks from elements – Students should be alert to safety concerns like finding shelter should there be a downpour or lightning occurring at night [1m]. This is because there are not many retail or eateries open to take shelter in at night. They can also check the weather forecast before going out to do their investigation [1 additional mark].  Risk from other persons - They should also be alert to being a target of unruly behaviour of drunkards a t night [1m]. This is because they are doing the investigation on a Friday night, so there and there might be drunkards from pubs who have finished partying and who they might run into during the late hours of the night [1 additional mark].

3  Health safety – the students could wear masks to prevent transfer of diseases or viruses in the course of their investigations as not all homeless have access to healthcare and some of them might be unwell [1m]. Students can also take precaution to sanitise or wash their hands if they should accidently touch items that could be contaminated as sometimes the homeless elderly might not have washed their clothes or belongings for a while [1 additional mark]. (d) Explain some possible impacts the students’ investigation can have on the elderly. [5] Award 1 mark for each explanation on the possible impacts the students’ investigation can have on the elderly, up to a maximum of 5 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further developmen t of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include:  Time consuming – the homeless elderly might be tired after a long day and would likely want to rest for the night [1m]. By asking them questions and making them think, the students disturb the elderly’s rest time, which some badly need to be able to work well the next day [1 additional mark].  Intrusion of privacy - some elderly might feel that their privacy is being intruded upon if asked to answer questions that are quite private [1m]. This is especially so when students as questions like age and income level. Students should observe and gauge if the homeless elderly are receptive to do the questionnaire and not insist if they do not wish to do it [1 additional mark].  Exposing the elderly and causing anxiety – some elderly do not want others to know where they go to at night, especially when they are homeless [1m]. They might feel anxious especially when they are not sure if the students are from some organisation that is out to spy on them or relocate them [1 additional mark]. (e) Explain the best way students can present the data they collected from the questionnaire in Resource 2B. [5] Award 1 mark for each explanation of the best way students can present the data they collected, up to a maximum of 5 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include:  Radial graph/ star graph  from a bipolar survey  scores of -2 to 2 can be given based on the category [1m]  very clear what the responses are to the different questions and can compare across questions. [1 additional mark] OR  Multiple bar graph/ stacked bar graph  (can be 6 or 4 bars  to include one for no data also) [1m]  so that it is clear what the response from the homeless elderly who are interviewed are [1 additional mark]

4  Title block  draw [1m] that is