2023 NYJC J1 Promos QP

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE Year 1 End-of-Year Examination H2 GEOGRAPHY 9173/02 25 Sept 2023 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper 1 Insert READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer Question 2. Section C Answer one question. You are advised to spend not more than 80 minutes for Section A. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the questions. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over

2 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Section A Answer the question in this section. Cluster 4 Fieldwork 1 A group of 10 students carried out an investigation to look into the needs of the elderly living in urban neighbourhoods, particularly the homeless in Singapore. They decided on the following hypothesis for their investigation: ‘Homelessness is more prevalent amongst the lower income elderly in Singapore because they cannot afford to pay for housing.’ The group decided to do a survey on the homeless elderly around Singapore via a questionnaire that is being translated to the 3 major languages – Mandarin, Malay and Tamil. They have decided to do their survey in different parts of Singapore where they stay. They also plan to do their survey from 10pm to about 12midnight on a Friday, and look for them at void decks and near closed eateries. Resource 1 shows an infographic of the homeless in Singapore. Resources 2A and 2B show the questionnaire survey (the English version) the students used in their investigation and the selected results of the questionnaire survey. Resource 3 shows how the Singapore government is helping the elderly population in terms of housing. (a) Explain whether the student’s hypothesis is capable of research. [4] (b) With reference to Resources 1 and 2A, explain how the students can best collect data on the homeless elderly in Singapore. [4] (c) Suggest how the students could minimize potential risk while conducting their investigations on the homeless elderly. [6] (d) Explain some possible impacts the students’ investigation can have on the elderly. [5] (e) Explain the best way students can present the data they collected from the questionnaire in Resource 2B. [5] (f) Using Resources 1 and 2B, suggest what other data could be collected to help the students better understand the needs of the homeless elderly in Singapore. [6] (g) The students concluded that most of the lower income elderly were homeless because they cannot afford to pay for housing. With reference to all the Resources, evaluate the validity of their conclusion. [10]

3 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Section B Answer the question in this section. Cluster 1 Development, Economy and Environment Dams in the Mekong 2 Many people’s livelihoods, including 20 percent of the world’s freshwater fish catch, are dependent on the monsoonal ebb and flow of the Mekong. Since the 1990s, eleven massive dams straddle the mighty Mekong River before it leaves China and flows into Myanmar, Laos, Th ailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. Since the early 1990s, the downstream countries are worried that China could use its massive dams and cascade of reservoirs (they have a total capacity of more than 40,000 million cubic meters) to hold them hostage. Resource 4 shows the m ajor dams along the Mek ong River. Resource 5 shows the impact of the Nuozhadu Dam on the Meko ng River. Resource 6 shows the d isasters along the Mekong River as reported by IRIN News. (a) With reference to Resource 4, describe the distribution of dams along the Mekong River. [4] (b) With reference to Resource 5, describe the impacts of the Nuozhadu dam on the river height of the Mekong. [4] (c) With reference to Resource 6, suggest three tradeoffs as a result of dams already built along the Mekong River. [6] (d) With reference to Resource 4, explain two possible transboundary conflicts that can result from more dams being built along the Mekong River. [4] (e) Suggest three possible strategies that downstream riparian states from the Nuozhadu dam can put in place to ensure that t heir livelihoods do not worsen from that suggested in Resource 6. [6] (f) Using all the Resources, explain the challenges that may arise from the implementation of the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation in managing conflict and development in the Mekong basin. [6] [Turn over

4 Higher 2 Geography / 9173 Section C Answer one question from this section. 2 ‘Impacts of extractive industries vary spatially.’ Evaluate this statement. [20] 3 ‘Countries can mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to i ts consequences successfully.’ Evaluate this statement. [20] End of Paper