2023 TJC J1 Promos Ans Key

© TJC2023 9173/1/PromotionalExamination2023 [Turn Over H2 GEOGRAPHY PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION 2023 MARK SCHEME Section A Cluster 1: Development, Economy and Environment 1 Resource 1 shows the economic structures of Australia, India and Chad in 2017. Resource 2 shows selected information for the car industry in China, a NIC in Asia. (a) Compare the economic structures of the countries shown in Resource 1. Award one mark for each valid similarity or difference highlighted. Award one additional mark for supporting data provided. Indicative content • Australia is the least balanced economic structure . However, Chad and India illustrate more balance. • Australia and India have a similar structure. • Australia and India are similar in proportions for secondary sector. • Australia and India show a wider difference in primary and tertiary and quaternary sector’s proportions. [4] AO2 (b) Explain why countries at higher levels of development shift away from the manufacturing sector towards the service sector over time. Award one mark for each reason. Award one additional mark for further development of the reason. Indicative reasons [5] AO1 • Rise of the knowledge-based economy • Technological innovations in information and communication technologies (ICTs) • Rise in producer services • Rise in consumer services (c) Using Resource 2, suggest reasons for the recent growth of the car industry in China. Award one mark for each reason provided. Award one additional mark for supporting detail provided. The reasons include: • China’s inclusion into World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 and the regulation of trade. • Favourable state policies towards FDI, including the use of EPZs and industrial clusters. • New International Division of Labour (NIDL) • Growing consumer market • Risk diversification and shared capital investments through joint ventures • Harness the advantages of inter-firm networks. [5] AO2

2 © TJC2023 9173/1//PromotionalExamination2023 (d) Suggest the likely negative impacts that the GPNs of TNCs such as Volkswagen and General Motors shown in Resource 2 might have on China. Award one mark for each explanation of the negative impact. Award one additional mark for supporting detail provided. *A range of impacts should be highlighted that span across these 3 dimensions of impacts broadly – economic, social, & environmental impacts [6] AO2 (e) Explain the importance of ecosystem services provided by the environment. Award one mark for each explanation of the following ecosystem services . Award one additional mark for supporting detail provided. Indicative content [5] AO1 (f) Explain whether Malthus or Boserup’s perspective on population growth and food resources is a more plausible account of the grain balance trends in developing economies shown in Resource 3. Either Malthus or Boserup’s perspective can be plausible perspectives to be applied here to explain the trend. Award one mark for explaining either perspective. Award one mark for each supporting detail. [5] AO2

3 © TJC2023 9173/1//PromotionalExamination2023 Section B – Structured Essay Question Cluster 1 Development, Economy and Environment 2 “It is difficult to manage conflicts over transboundary water resources.” Evaluate this statement. Possible Approach: Candidates could approach the question by making a judgment on whether strategies used to manage conflicts over transboundary rivers have been successful through a consideration of two or more case studies. Candidates could evaluate whether the strategies in each case study achieved the intended aims or targets. Candidates could also analyse the contextual factors such as availability of alternative water supplies and historical events, which may have contributed to the extent of success of the strategies. Candidates should follow up to analyse the challenges to success which are common across the case studies. Marked by level descriptors [20] AO3 3 Evaluate the relative influence of actors in shaping the global economy. Possible Approach: Candidates could approach the question by making a judgement on the relative significance of states vis-à-vis other actors such as labour and multilateral institutions. Candidates could analyse the influence of states on economic’ operations through their role as regulators of economic activities and the degree to which states can exert an influence over the operations of firms such as TNCs. Marked by level descriptors [20] AO3