2023 TMJC J1 Promos Ans Key

1 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC1 H1 Geography YearEnd Examination (8834) - Suggested Answers Cluster 1 – Sustainable Cities 1(a) With reference to Resource 1, describe the distribution of slums in Nairobi, Kenya. [4] Indicative content • Most are located in the southern part of Nairobi. • Highest concentration in Kiberia (cite data -about 23 slum dwellings) • Lowest concentration in Pumwani (cite data- only 3 slum dwellings) • Anomaly: none located in Central Administrative Division of Nairobi (b) Describe the characteristics of slum dwelling in Kiberia, Nairobi , as shown in Resource 2. [4] Indicative content *Must support each described characteristic with evidence from R2. • Poorly constructed, unstable structures standing on wooden poles, flimsy corrugated zinc sheets that are not strongly held in place – mostly made of discarded materials including black plastic sheets, pieces of cloth as seen in the foreground of the photo (R2). • Unsanitary living conditions as seen from the litter strewn around the slums that paved their walkways. • Lacks access to basic amenities like water (woman carrying two pails of dirty water in the foreground) and electricity (another woman cooking over fire stove). • Relatively densely packed housing haphazardly built on slopes – slums looked very cramped, lacking in living space as seen in R2. (c) With reference to Resource 2 and your own knowledge , explain how the presence of slums can lead to Nairobi’s being unsustainable in its urban development. [6] Indicative content *Classify in terms of economic, social and environmental urban sustainability • Economic unsustainability – eye-sore to potential investors, negatively affect city’s image as one that is poorly unplanned and unable to offer a good environment for not only its urban dwellers but possibly also for facilitating economic operations. This may not bode well for Nairobi when investors are deterred from investing in the city, negatively affecting its economic sustainable development. • Social unsustainability – R2 shows lack of access to clean water as slum dwellers even need to draw filthy water from nearby dam. This, together with air p ollution from trains, can negatively affect the health of the slum dwellers, causing them to

2 fall ill easily as they fall prey to water -borne diseases such as cholera and dysentery, as well as long term chronic respiratory diseases such as lung cancer respectively. Unsanitary living conditions with litter/waste strewn along the alleys or walkways in R2 also reflects the high possibility of the slum area being a breeding ground for bacteria and the cramped living space facilitates the ease in spread of diseases. • Environmental unsustainability – lack of proper waste disposal methods can lead to environmental unsustainability in terms of not only land pollution but also water pollution i.e. when water comes i