2023 TMJC J1 Promos Insert

Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC1 Year-End Exam H1 Geography CANDIDATE NAME: __________________________________________________ CIVICS GROUP: _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ H1 Geography 8834/01 Paper 1 05 October 2023 2 Hours INSERT _________________________________________________________________________________ READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST This Insert contains all the Resources referred to in the questions. _________________________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page. TAMPINES MERIDIAN JUNIOR COLLEGE JC1 YEAR-END EXAMINATION

2 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC1 Year-End Exam H1 Geography BLANK PAGE

3 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC1 Year-End Exam H1 Geography Resource 1 for Question 1 Distribution of slums in Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya (East Africa)

4 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC1 Year-End Exam H1 Geography Resource 2 for Question 1 Slum dwellings in Kiberia, Nairobi

5 Tampines Meridian Junior College 2023 JC1 Year-End Exam H1 Geography Resource 3 for Question 1 Article on creating public spaces for the low-income neighbourhoods in Nairobi Safe and Beautiful Public Spaces? Necessity Not Luxury! “Public Spaces are not a nice thing to have, but a basic need for cities”. This statement by the World Bank could not be more significant yet in practice it is far from being implemented. Cities need to find ways to co-create spaces that are accessible for everyone. Nairobi is a city that has a rapidly growing population. Due to poor waste management, copious amounts of garbage were discarded in public spaces, causing a decline in green safe public spaces. Residents of affluent neighbourhoods pay generously for waste to be collected. whereas residents living in low -income areas dump their garbage in public spaces, which poses a threat to their public health. The latter have little access to green public spaces and must travel relatively far to reach them, a spatial injustice. Public Space Network (PSN) thus acted by encouraging citizens to design and facilitate the adoption of public open spaces in the city so that residents can take responsibility for managing them through a competition called the “Changing Faces Competition” (CFC). Such community- based transformation places its confidence, especially in the local youths, and mobilises them to improve their physical environment, consequently creating employment for them as well as developing their leadership skills. A Public-Private-People partnership (4P) approach was adopted where urban experts were engaged to assist and mentor the citizens , and public authorities were also involved to ensure com