2023 YIJC J1 MYE

1 YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 1 MID YEAR EXAMINATION Higher 1 CANDIDATE NAME CG INDEX NO GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Additional Materials: Answer Booklet 8834/01 26th May 2023 1 hour READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST This document consists of 6 printed pages. Write your name and class in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tape. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate. Answer ALL questions. The Insert contains all the Resources referred to in the questions. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the question. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the exam, insert the extra booklet(s) used within the main booklet. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 Section A Structured Essay Question Answer all questions Cluster 1 : Sustainable Future and Climate Change Sustainable Urban Development 1 Resource 1 shows the share of global population and municipal Solid Waste (MSW) for G20 countries. Resource 2 shows the waste footprint and the willingness and the national rates of recycling of some countries . Resource 3 shows a landfill site at Manila’s biggest slum in Baseco, The Philippines. Resource 4 shows a report, titled “Philippines ships 69 containers of rubbish back to Canada”. (a) With reference to Resource 1, describe the share of global population and the municipal solid waste (MSW) for the high -income and low -income countries. [3] (b) With reference to Resource 2 and your own knowledge, suggest reasons for the share of municipal solid waste (MSW) in high-income countries shown in Resource 1. [5] (c) With reference to Resource 3, describe the possible tensions between using landfills to manage solid waste and sustainable urban development. [5] (d) With reference to Resource 4 and your own knowledge, explain why effective waste management is important for progress towards sustainable urban development in high-income countries. [5] (e) With reference to all Resources and your own knowledge, evaluate the feasibility of implementing a zero-waste strategy. [7] [Total : 25 marks]

3 INSERT

4 Resource 1 for Question 1 Graph showing the share of global population and municipal Solid Waste (MSW) for G20 countries Resource 2 for Question 1 Graph showing the waste footprint and the willingness and the national rates of recycling of some countries Note : US lags behind other developed countries in recycling performance despite having the highest levels of consumption globally. Source : https://www.maplecroft.com/insights/analysis/us -tops-list-of-countries-fuelling-the-mounting-waste-crisis/

5 Resource 3 for Question 1 Photograph taken near a landfill site at Manila’s biggest slum in Baseco, The Philippines

6 Resource 4 for Question 1 Reports appears in The Guardian on 31st May 2019 Philippines ships 69 containers of rubbish back to Canada The Philippines has followed through on its threat to send 1,500 tonnes of illegally dumped rubbish back on a boat to Canada, ending a six-year dispute between the two countries. Wilma Eisma, administrator of Subic Bay freeport, confirmed that the 69 containers of garbage had been loaded overnight on the container ship M/V Bavaria, which left on a 20- day journey to the Canadian port city of Vancouver. Eisma said the the move ended a “sordid chapter in our history”. The dispatch of the Canadian rubbish, which had been sitting in two Philippine ports since 2013 and 2014 while Canada refused to acknowledge the issue, was a cause for celebration in the Philippines. The rubbish has been a source of contention between the two nations for years, after it was discovered the containers had been brought in falsely declared as recyclable plastic when it was in fact electrical and rotting household waste. However, in recent months the issue had escalated into a full-blown diplomatic dispute. The Philippines won a legal case last year which ruled Canada had to take responsibility for the waste, but no further action was taken by the Canadian government. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte then took a very personal interest in the saga, demanding that Canada take back the waste or vowing to have it towed and dumped in Canadian waters. The relationship between Duterte and Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau was already tense due to Trudeau’s vocal criticism of Duterte’s violent crackdown on illegal drugs, which has left thousands dead. “If Canada will not accept their trash, we will leave the same within its territorial waters,” presidential spokeman Panelo said. “The president’s stance is as principled as it is uncompromising: The Philippines as an independent sovereign nation must not be treated as trash by other foreign nations.” The Philippines is among a growing number of south-east Asian nations that have protested being treated like dumpsites by wealthier countries. China banned the import of plastic waste in 2018, causing it to be diverted to other south-east Asian nations, with over 50% of plastic waste from the US now ending up in Malaysia. Source : https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/31/philip pines-puts-69-containers-of-rubbish-on-boat-back-to-canada End of document

7 YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC1 MID YEAR EXAMINATION Higher 1 Blank Page

8 CANDIDATE NAME CG INDEX NO SUBJECT TITLE PAPER NO H1 Geography 8834/1 Instructions to candidates 1. Write the information required in the box above. 2. Write the number of questions attempted in the left hand margin of the writing paper and on the left hand column of the box on this cover page. 3. *Place this cover page on top of your answer sheets. *Tie a secure knot in the top left hand corner using the string provided. 4. Do not staple your answer sheets. Calculator model : _____________ (if applicable) For candidate’s use For examiner’s use Question number Marks obtained 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e Total marks