NCHS Sec 4 HY Prelim P2 (With Answers)

Name: RegisterNumber: Class: PRELIMINARYEXAMINATION2024SECONDARYFOUR HISTORY 2174/02 Paper2 22August 2024, Thursday 1hour 50minutes Additional Material:Writingpaper READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRST Writeyourname,classandindexnumberonall theworkyouhandin.Writeindarkblueorblackpen.Donotusestaples,paperclips,glueorcorrectionfluid. SectionAAnswer all partsofQuestion1. SectionBAnswer twoquestions.PleasestartyouranswerforSectionBonafreshpage. Attheendoftheexamination,fastenall yourworkforSectionsAandBseparately. Thenumberofmarksisgiveninbrackets[ ]attheendofeachquestionorpartquestion.Thetotal marksforthispaperis50.

Thispaperconsistsof 6printedpagesincludingthecoverpage. 2

SectionA:Source-basedCaseStudy Question1isforallcandidates. StudytheBackgroundInformationandthesourcescarefully, andthenanswerallthequestions. Youmayuseanyofthesourcestohelpyouanswerthequestions,inadditiontothosesourcesyouaretoldtouse.Inansweringthequestions,youshoulduseyourknowledgeofthetopictohelpyouinterpretandevaluatethesources. 1 (a) StudySourceA. Whatis themessageof thecartoonist?Explainyouranswerusingdetailsfromthesourceandyourcontextualknowledge. [5] (b) StudySourceB. IsSourceBusefulasevidenceabouthowtheColdWarstarted?Explainyouranswer. [5] (c) StudySourceC. DoesSourceCprovethattheMarshallPlanwasunjustified?Explainyouranswer. [6] (d) StudySourcesDandE. DoesSourceDmakeyousurprisedbySourceE?Explainyouranswer. [6] (e) Studyallthesources. ‘TheMarshallPlanwastoblameforstartingtheColdWarinEurope.’Howfardothesesourcessupportthisview?Usethesourcesandyourknowledgetosupportyouranswer. [8] 3

WastheMarshallPlantoblameforstartingtheColdWar? BACKGROUNDINFORMATION Readthiscarefully. Itmayhelpyouanswersomeofthequestions. TheMarshallPlan,officiallyknownas theEuropeanRecoveryProgramme,wasanAmericaninitiativeto aid Europefollowingthedevastationof WorldWar II. It wasannouncedbyGeorgeC.Marshallon5 June1947. Thefirstof Americancreditswasdisbursedin April1948to WesternEuropeancountries.Initially, theSovietUnionandEasternEuropeancountrieslike Czechoslovakia,PolandandRomaniaconsideredparticipatingintheprogramme.However, duetoSovietsuspicionsofAmericanmotives,thesecountrieseventuallyrejectedparticipationintheMarshallPlan. Giventhisoutcome,cantheMarshallPlanbeseenasstartingtheColdWar? SourceA: ABritishcartoondepictingtheEasternEuropeancountries’reactiontowardstheMarshallPlan,1948.ThefirstwomaninthelineisStalin. 4

SourceB: Adaptedfromamonthlynewsbulletinbyaleft-wingmagazineintheUnitedStates,October1947. StalinseizedEasternEuropeandtheBalkans,usingtheselandsto recouphiswarlosses.TheRussianstookwholefactories,machinery, rollingstock,rawmaterials,agriculturalcommodities,livestockandpersonalarticleslootedby theirvictorioussoldiers.ThecreationofpuppetstatesandtheiroccupationbyRussiantroopscreatedanimmensedefensiveterritorialringaroundRussia,longbeforetheMarshallPlan.Indeed,theMarshallPlanwasto halttheStalinistdrivein Europe,butwiththe$22billion,theWesternEuropeannationsgodeeperintodebttoAmericancapitalism,andnowrelychieflyontheUnitedStates.Thus,weobserveaconflictbetweentwoexploitivesystems—twohostilepowersfightingfor Europe.Theyhavecreateda stand-off.EconomicandpoliticalunityofEuropecannotbeaccomplished. SourceC: A Russiancartoon,translatedto Czech and re-publishedinCzechoslovakia,1949.Itistitled‘Marshall’sPlaninpractice’. 5

SourceD: AdaptedfromGeorgeC.Marshall’s speech,5 June1947.MarshallwastheUnitedStatesSecretaryofState,thechiefforeignpolicyadvisor. TheUnitedStatesshoulddo whateverit canto assisttheworldbackto normaleconomichealth,inorderforpoliticalstabilityandassuredpeace.Ourpolicyisdirectednotagainstanycountryordoctrinebutagainsthunger, poverty, desperationandchaos.Itspurposeshouldbetherevivalofaworkingeconomysoastopermittheemergenceof politicalandsocialconditionsin whichfreeinstitutionscanexist.Anygovernment,politicalparties,or groupswhichseekto blocktherecoveryof othercountriesortoperpetuatehumanmiseryforpoliticalprofitwillencountertheoppositionoftheUnitedStates.OurroleshouldbetoaidinthedraftingofaEuropeanprogram,whichshouldbeagreedbyanumber, ifnotallEuropeannations.Politicalprejudiceshouldhavenopart. SourceE: AdaptedfromV.MMolotov’s memoirs,publishedin1979.MolotovwastheSovietMinisterofForeignAffairsfrom1939to1949. Atthebeginning,weintheforeignministrywantedtoproposethatallsocialistcountriesparticipateintheMarshallPlan.Butwequicklyrealizedthatsuchadecisionwouldbeincorrect.TheUnitedStateshadhopedtoattractusintotheircoalition,butitwouldhavebeena subordinatedcoalition.We wouldhavebecomedependentonthem,butwewouldn’treallyhavereceivedanything.ThisdependencewouldhavebeenevenmoreseriousfortheCzechsandPoles,whowereinaverydifficulteconomicposition. SourceF: AdaptedfromanarticleontheColdWar, onahistorywebsite. BythetimeoftheMarshallPlan’sfinalyear,1952,economicgrowthinthecountriesthathadreceivedfundshadsurpassedpre-warlevels,a strongindicatoroftheprogram’spositiveeconomicimpact.Politically, however,theinitiativereinforceddivisionsthatwerealreadytakingrootonthecontinent.It’sworthnotingthattheCentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),thesecretserviceagencyoftheUnitedStates,received5 percentofthefundsallocatedunderthe MarshallPlan.TheCIAusedthesefundsto establishfront*businessesinseveralEuropeancountriesthatweredesignedtofurtherU.S.interestsintheregion.TheMarshallPlanis alsoconsidereda keycatalystfortheformationofthe NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO)in1949.*fake/deceptive 6

SectionB:Essays Answertwoquestions. 2 ‘Theendof Dutchcolonialismin IndonesiawasbroughtaboutbytheColdWar.’How far do you agree with this statement?Explainyour answer.[10] 3 ‘TheKoreanWarwasa successfortheUnitedStates.’Howfardoyouagreewiththis statement? Explain your answer.[10] 4 ‘ReaganwastobecreditedfortheeasingoftensionsbetweentheUnitedStatesandSovietUnion.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer.[10] EndofPaper CopyrightAcknowledgements SourceA https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/cartoon_by_illingworth_on_the_ussr_s_position_regarding_the_marshall_plan_23_march_1948-en-2f252b43-2093-4434-b51e-87a94b478921.htmlSourceB https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/ni/vol13/no08/notm1.htm#topSourceC https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016683506/SourceD https://www.oecd.org/general/themarshallplanspeechatharvarduniversity5june1947.htmSourceE https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/ACFB73.pdfSourceF https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/marshall-plan-1 7

SuggestedMarkingSchemefor Teachers General commentsfor SBCS● Studentsdemonstratedfamiliaritywiththedifferentsourcehandlingskills● Studentsweregenerallyabletoattemptall questions● Studentssourceanalysistendstobetoolengthy(over-writing)● Befamiliarwithpolitical geography-EasternEuropevsWesternEuropeasthesesometimesmadeyourargumentsconfusing.○ EasternEurope:generallyreferstoplaceslikePoland,Czechoslovakia,Hungary,Romania,Bulgaria,EastGermanyetc○ Easternbloc:referstotheSoviet/communistblocasawhole(EE+SovietUnion)○ BalticStates:Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania(buttheywereincorporatedintoandpartofSovietUnionafterWW2)○ Soviet Union/USSR:madeupof15differentrepublics(Russia,Georgia,Ukraineetc) 1(a) StudySourceA.Whatisthemessageofthesource? [5] Markers’ Report● MessageQn-don’tneedintendedoutcome(overwriting)● Needtousecontextual knowledgetoexplainthecontext/issueatthetime-1948● Moststudentsgenerallyabletoget3-4mforthisqn● Somestudentsgaveveryunrealisticmessagethatdoesnotmakesense○ Timeperiodis1948.EasternEuropeancountriesandSovietsalreadyrejectedtheaid.Sothemessagewon’tbeaboutconvincingEasternEuropeancountriestoacceptaidorto‘goagainst’ Stalin.● Understandthecoretopicof thecartoon- what istheTOPICabout?○ If it’sabout theMarshall Plan- asit isstated- thenthemessageof thesourceshouldberelatedtotheMarshall Plan.SomestudentsgavemessagesthatwereunrelatedtotheMarshall Plan,e.g.Stalinwascontrolling/evil /incapable Level Descriptor Mark1 Answersbasedondescriptions/ misinterpretations/ InferencesunrelatedMarshall Plan e.g.ThemessagewastoshowthatStalinwasinfluential overEasternEurope. 1