CGS 2024 S4 GY (2279) Prelim Paper 1 - Ans

1 This document consists of 21 printed pages. [Turn over CRESCENT GIRLS’ SCHOOL SECONDARY FOUR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2024 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert Setter: Ms Caroline Chan 2279/01 20 August 2024 1 hour 45 minutes Suggested Marking Guide

2 Geography in Everyday Life Cluster – Geographical Methods Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Using Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, suggest why the data collected at the locations may not be reliable. Award 1 mark for each suggestion of why the data collected at the locations may not be reliable. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation in the form of supporting data evidence from Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, where applicable. Cap at 1 mark should no data reference be made from Figs. 1.1 and 1.2. Possible responses include: ▪ The two data collection locations are both sited at or near the integrated resort of Marina Bay Sands (MBS) only— near the Art Science Museum and Sands Expo Convention Centre . Although MBS is one of the main attractions at Marina Bay, there are other key attractions such as Esplanade and Merlion Park where tourists might visit and there may be tourists who visit Marina Bay but choose not to go to MBS at all. However, data is not collected at these other key attractions. ▪ Thus, the data collected at MBS may have a limited scope with inconsistencies / possible variations in data not captured from collecting data at other locations. The data will therefore not be representative of all the study population and not be reliable as a result. OR ▪ The two data collection locations are both sited near Bayfront MRT. Although Bayfront MRT is connected to 2 different MRT lines so tourists may travel via public transport to this location to visit Marina Bay , there are other public transport nodes in the vicinity, such as Raffles Place MRT and City Hall MRT , where tourists might travel to in order to access Marina Bay and visit locations near these subway/metro stations. However, data is not collected at these other sites. ▪ Thus, the data collected at MBS may have a limited scope with inconsistencies / possible variations in data not captured from collecting data at other locations. The data will therefore not be representative of all the study population and not be reliable as a result. AO2 2

3 [Turn over Question Answer Marks 1(a)(ii) Suggest how the students could manage one safety risk when collecting data at the locations as shown in Fig. 1.2. Award 1 mark for one suggestion of how the students could manage a safety risk when collecting data at the locations as shown in Fig. 1.2, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each suggestion in the form of supporting data evidence from Fig. 1.2, where applicable. Cap at 1 mark should no data reference be made from Fig. 1.2. N.B. Each suggestion should comprise both the cause (identified risk) and effect (mitigation measure) for it to be creditworthy. Possible responses include: ▪ To mitigate the safety risk of cuts and minor injuries possibly sustained during slips and falls when walking on foot at the outdoor locations near Marina Bay Sands (e.g. near Art Science Museum and Sands Expo Convention Centre), students should wear proper footwear (e.g. closed shoes with flat soles) or take note of potential hazards (e.g. uneven surfaces, steep steps, jagged rocks, wet surfaces) and clothing (e.g. school - approved shirt and bottom for ease of identification). ▪ To mitigate the safety risk of sunburn or heat injuries when collecting data under sunny weather at the outdoor locations near Marina Bay Sands (e.g. near Art Science Museum and Sands Expo Convention Centr e), students should wear sunblock/sunscreen and/or a hat/cap and hydrate themselves regularly. ▪ To mitigate the safety risk of traffic accidents and/or collision with cyclists when collecting data on the pavements/walkways at the outdoor locations near Marina Bay Sands (e.g. near Art Science Museum and Sands Expo Convention Centr e),, students should take note of local traffic hazards and road crossing procedures / adhere to traffic rules. AO2 2

4 Question Answer Marks 1(b)(i) Explain why the students may have found non -probability sampling to be a more suitable sampling method than probability sampling when considering time and area as possible limitations during the design of fieldwork. Award 1 mark for each explanation of why the students may have found non-probability sampling to be a more suitable sampling method than probability sampling, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each suggestion where applicable. Cap at 1 mark should there be no comparison between the two sampling methods i.e. explanation is one-sided with focus on only non- probability sampling/probability sampling. Possible responses include: ▪ If students need to consider time as a limitation when designing fieldwork, they may feel that non -probability sampling is easy to carry out with few rules governing how the samples could be selected, unlike/compared to probability sampling which poses practical constraints in terms of time available and thus more time-consuming. o Non-probability sampling involves the non-random selection of samples based on the researcher’s conscious decision while probability sampling involves the random and systematic selection of samples so it may be time -consuming. [ 1 additional mark for further development] ▪ If students need to consider access to places/geographical coverage of area as a limitation when designing fieldwork, they may feel that non-probability sampling is more feasible since data samples are taken from those in close range unlike/compared to probability sampling which may be less viable to implement since Marina Bay offers a large study area which the students may find it challenging to cover due to manpower constraints. o Non-probability sampling is more feasible as it does not need a sampling frame while probability sampling is less feasible for low-frequency fieldwork as it needs a sampling frame (list of population elements) [1 additional mark for further development] AO1 2

5 [Turn over Question Answer Marks 1(b)(ii) Describe how the students could use quota sampling, based on gender, to select visitors as survey respondents to answer the questionnaire. Award 1 mark for each description of how the students could use quota sampling, based on gender, to select visitors as survey respondents to answer the questionnaire, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description where applicable. Cap at 1 mark should gender not be used as the criterion to categorise the visitors. Possible responses include: ▪ The students should divide the population into mutually exclusive categories (sub-populations / strata / subgroup) based on gender as pre-decided. ▪ Then they should use non-probability sampling such as convenience sampling to choose the sample and approach these subjectively selected visitors to answer the questionnaire until the target sample size is reached. o If the visitors reject to answer the questionnaire, they will go back to their categories and adopt convenience sampling to select another sample till they reach their target pool. AO1 2

6 Question Answer Marks 1(c) Using Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, state two close-ended questions and the pre-defined response options which the students could use for their close -ended questionnaire to test Hypothe