AHS S4 Prelims CG Paper 2 2024 ANS

© Anglican High School Humanities Department 2024 2279/02/S4 Preliminary Examinations (Core Geog Paper 2) MARKING GUIDE 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) With reference to Fig. 1.1, suggest how the wall design initiative could affect the residents' sense of place within their neighbourhood. [3] Award 1 mark for each suggested reason on how the wall design initiative could affect the residents' sense of place within their neighbourhood, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each reason, where applicable. Possible responses include: - Fig. 1.1 shows the wall design likely to reflect the different ethnic backgrounds of Singapore from the perspective of the residents. [1 mark] o By visually representing the community's sketches into the wall design, it fosters a sense of pride and belonging among residents. [1 additional mark] - They serve as a visual narrative of the community's project, allowing residents to reminisce the times they spent together working on it. [1 mark] - The creation of the wall design itself often involves the active participation of the local residents. [1 mark] o This collaborative effort strengthens social bonds and promotes a sense of ownership and engagement in the neighbourhood’s development. [1 additional mark] - The wall design adds an aesthetic and visually pleasing element to the neighbourhood. [1 mark] o This can transform previously dull or neglected spaces into attractive ones, making residents feel more positively about their surroundings. [1 additional mark] AO2

2 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2024 2279/02/S4 Preliminary Examinations (b) Describe how urban neighbourhoods can achieve environmental sustainability. [4] Award 1 mark for each description of how urban neighbourhoods can achieve environmental sustainability. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of the description, where applicable. Possible responses include: Ample protection for nature - When there is ample protection for nature, wildlife can thrive in our urban spaces and human- wildlife coexistence can be fostered. [1 mark] - Concerted efforts should be made to protect existing native species, habitats and ecosystems, and to re-establish species than once exited. [1 mark] Having facilities that support waste minimisation and recycling - Conveniently located recycling facilities around the estates can encourage residents to recycle. [1 mark] - Having a high enough population density in a neighbourhood ensures adequate waste can be collected and recycled in an economically viable manner. [1 mark] - Waste recycling can be encouraged through neighbourhood -scale recycling activities organised by either residents or the town council. [1 mark] Energy and water-efficient design approaches for buildings and landscapes. - Building and landscaping in urban neighbourhoods may be designed to be energy and water efficient to minimise the use of resources [1 mark] - Smart technology and eco-friendly features can be installed. [1 mark] AO1

3 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2024 2279/02/S4 Preliminary Examinations (c) Study Fig. 1.2, which shows the reported road casualties by road user type in Great Britain in 2019 and 2022. Reported road casualties by road user type in Great Britain in 2019 and 2020 Fig. 1.2 (i) Compare the number of road casualties by road user type in Great Britain between 2019 and 2022. [3] Award 1 mark for each comparison of the number of road casualties by road user type in Great Britain between 2019 and 2022. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each comparison, where applicable. Possible responses include: - All showed a decrease except for motorcyclist. [1 mark] - Highest decrease: cars [1 mark] o by 14,952. [1 additional mark] - Lowest decrease: pedal cyclist [1 mark] o by 1190. [1 additional mark] - Cars remained highest from 2019 to 2022. [1 mark] - Lowest in 2019 was motorcyclist but lowest in 2022 is pedal cyclist. [1 mark] AO2

4 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2024 2279/02/S4 Preliminary Examinations (ii) Describe one health impact on people caused by traffic hazards. [1] Award 1 mark for a description on health impact on people caused by traffic accident. - People may suffer serious injuries when involved in a traffic accident. [1 mark] o Which may lead to disabilities or loss of lives. AO1 (d) Study Fig. 1.3 (Insert), which shows the benefits provided by the coral reef ecosystem. With reference to Fig. 1.3, suggest how coral reefs may provide ecosystem services for a community. [4] Award 1 mark for each suggestion on how coral reefs may provide ecosystem services for a community. Award 1 additional mark for further development of each suggestion, where applicable. Possible responses include: Provisioning: - Coral reefs are rich in biodiversity, serving as habitats for numerous marine species that local communities rely on for food. [1 mark] o The fish and other marine resources harvested from reefs are vital for both subsistence and commercial fishing. [1 additional mark] - Beyond food, coral reefs provide materials like limestone and sand, which are used in construction and land reclamation projects. [1 mark] o The calcium carbonate structures of corals are also used in traditional medicines and dietary supplements. [1 additional mark] Cultural: - Coral reefs attract tourists by providing aesthetic enjoyment and recreational opportunities. [1 mark] o for example, activities like snorkelling and diving [1 additional mark] Regulating: - Coral reefs act as natural barriers, absorbing wave energy and reducing the impact of storms and rough seas on shorelines. [1 mark] o This helps prevent coastal erosion and protects infrastructure, properties, and habitats. [1 additional mark] o By breaking the force of waves, coral reefs help to maintain the stability of coastal sediments, reducing erosion and the loss of land. [1 additional mark] AO2

5 © Anglican High School Humanities Department 2024 2279/02/S4 Preliminary Examinations 2 Cluster 4: Tectonics (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows a section of the earth’s crust. Using Fig. 2.1, identify the letter (A, B, C or D) which represents the focus of the earthquake. [1] Award 1 mark for identification of the letter which represents the focus of the earthquake. - B [1 mark]. AO1 (b) Study Fig. 2.2A (Insert), which shows the distribution of shallow (0 -60km), intermediate-depth (60-300km) and deep -focus (300 -700km) earthquakes around the world that are above 5.5 magnitude in 2023, and Fig. 2.2B (Insert) which shows the total number of earthquakes in each depth category. Using Fig. 2.2A and Fig.2 .2B, describe the frequency and pattern of e arthquakes around the world. [4] Award 1 mark for each description of the pattern of earthquakes around the world, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 1 mark for further development of each description, where applicable. Award a maximum of 3 marks if for description of either frequency or pattern of earthquakes around the world. Possible responses include: • Generally, shallow earthquakes (0-60km) have the highest frequency of 2743/ deep - focus earthquakes (300-700km) have the lowest frequency of 281 [1 mark]. • Most earthquakes occur along plate boundaries [1 mark]. • Deep-focus earthquakes are found along the Pacific Ring of Fire [1 mark]. o With high concentrations between Pacific and Philippine Plates/ Pacific and North American Plates where Japan lies [1 additional mark]. • However, there are earthquakes far away from plate boundaries, such as in the mid