2024 VJC Prelim P1 Ans key

VICTORIA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2024 H2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARK SCHEME Qn Answer Marks 1a Explain how the Global Production Networks (GPNs) of TNCs like Ferrero Group connect places within the global economy. Award 1 mark for each explanation of how the GPN of Ferrero Group connect places with the global economy. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each point, where applicable. Possible responses include: -TNCs like Ferrero Group require raw supplies/materials for its products and these inputs are often sourced from countries which produce such raw materials such as cocoa from Nigeria and sugar Brazil. [1] -These raw materials are transported to the TNC’s factories/manufacturing plants in different parts of the world such as Canada and Germany to be transformed into finished products. [1] -These finished products are then distributed to the sales offices in different parts of the world such as in the Americas, Asia and Europe. [1] -These products are then consumed by the market globally. [1] -There may also be different operations in different places or within the same country as seen in in France where we see the supply of raw materials and factories in the same country. [1] AO1 5 1b Suggest reasons for the spatial distribution of Ferrero Group’s GPN as seen in Resource 1. Award 1 mark for each suggestion to account for the spatial distribution of Ferrero Group’s GPN. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each point, where applicable. Possible responses include: -Source of raw materials mostly located in LDCs, due to low costs of raw materials compared to DC counterparts which can offer the same raw materials [1] . This helps to reduce costs of production which is integral for a TNC. [1] 5

-Since the finished good is a food product, there is a need to locate factories in places which offer high skilled labour i.e. DCs to produce quality food that meet safety standards. [1] OR -There are factories in countries near the HQ in Italy where they can monitor the processes and maintain quality of product. [1] OR -Factories are located in LDCs since cost of operations are ow due to low labour costs which is integral for TNCs to lower costs of production. [1] -Sales office in almost all regions to be near consumers to tailor/modify products to customers’ tastes and preferences. [1] OR -Sales office in almost all regions due to high global consumption of products, hence need to be close to consumers to ensure that products reach consumers quickly. [1] AO1 1c With reference to Resource 2, explain the impacts of Ferrero Group’s global production of Nutella. Award 1 mark for each explanation of impacts of Ferrero Group’s global production. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each point, where applicable. Possible responses include: -Large-scale/high rates of deforestation to make way for oil palm plantation has affected/destroyed both flora and fauna which depended on the forests as their habitats are destroyed [1], resulting in animals such as orang utans to be endangered. [1] -Deforestation has also resulted in the displacement of natives communities who were dependent on the forests as their source of livelihoods i.e. living spaces and daily necessities [1] hence, these communities will lose their sense of belonging/community/homelessness/migrate to an unknown environment. [1] -The long term effect of deforestation is that the removal of trees has resulted in the loss of carbon sinks on a large scale and cause climate change/global warming in the long run. [1] -The issue of child la bour being used on hazelnut farms was another impact raised as children were exploited for economic purposes [1] which cut off their opportunities in schooling and healthcare. [1] AO2 6

1d Suggest how states can mitigate the impacts of Ferrero Group’s global production of Nutella. Award 1 mark for each suggestion of how states can mitigate the impacts of Ferrero Group’s global production. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each point, where applicable. Possible responses include: -States can establish labour regulation [1]. This is to ensure that there is close monitoring and enforcement in labour standards in TNCs such as Ferrero Group to ensure that exploitation of child for labour does not take place [1]. States can also ensure that strict labour laws are implemented to ensure worker rights’ are not compromised such as fair wages [1]. -States can enforce stricter laws to ensure the environment and people are unaffected by TNCs’ operations [1]. TNCs which violate the laws can be fined or have their operations discontinued [1]. States can also provide concessions/subsidies for TNCs which adhere to the laws [1]. AO1 4 1e Compare the share of sales of Mars Inc and Ferrero Group in 2015 shown in Resource 3. Award 1 mark for each description of the share of sales of the two confectionary companies. Award a maximum of 2 marks for description of either similarity or difference only. Possible responses: -Difference: Highest sales of Mars Inc in North America (35%), highest sales of Ferrero Group in Western Europe (52%) -Difference: Sales of Mars Inc in Asia Pacific higher than sales of Ferrero Group (6% points difference) -Difference: Sales of Ferrero Group in Latin America higher than sales of Mars Inc (5% points difference) -Difference: Sales of Ferrero Group in Eastern Europe higher than sales of Mars Inc (3% points difference) -Difference: Sales of Mars Inc in Middle East and Africa higher than sales of Ferrero Group (4% points difference) 4

-Similarity: Both Mars Inc and Ferrero Group have the lowest sales in Australia (2% and 1% respectively) -Similarity: Both Mars Inc and Ferrero Group have sales in all regions (at least 1% in all regions) AO2 1f With reference to Resource 3, account for Ferrero Group’s share of sales in North America and Western Europe. Award 1 mark for each explanation for Ferrero Group’ sales numbers in North America and Western Europe. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each point, where applicable. Possible responses include: -Ferrero Group’s sales in Western Europe are high since the company’s country of origin is Italy, hence, much easier to conduct sales in Europe [1] since countries in Europe have a common standar ds and regulations for products and services across member states which makes doing business much easier [1]. -Ferrero Group’s sales in North America are low since they face long -standing competitors f rom other more established confectionary companies that were founded earlier than Ferrero Group [1], hence they have been in the market for long and have established a strong consumer base [1]. -Ferrero Group’s sales in North America are low since they face competitors from home grown confectionaries e.g. Mars Inc and Mondelez [1], due to a high trust in the local brand among consumers in North America [1]. AO2 6 2a With the use of a well-labelled diagram, describe the features of the karst landscape shown in Resource 4. Award 1 mark for well-labelled diagram with at least two features. Award 2 marks for further description of features identified. Possible labels: - Tower karst - Karst plain - Vegetation - Roads/buildings/farmland Possible descriptions: - Consists of tower karsts which are steep sided and tall, towering above the karst plain [1] - Tower karsts are isolated from one another with the karst plain in between them [1] 4

- Tower karsts are covered by vegetation [1] except o