RVHS 6. Proteins - Enzymes

River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 6: Proteins - Enzymes 1 River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 6: Proteins - Enzymes Name: ( ) Class: 25J__ Date: References Title Authors Biology (9th Edition) Campbell and Reece Longman A-Level Course in Biology: Core Syllabus Volume 1 Hoh Biological Science 1. Organisms, Energy and Environment (3 rd Edition) Taylor, Green, Stout and Soper Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry (27th Edition) Murray, Granner and Rodwell H2 Biology Syllabus 9477 (2025) Candidates should be able to use the knowledge gained in the following section(s) in new situations or to solve related problems. Related Topics Content Proteins Mode of action of enzymes Enzyme inhibitors Learning Outcomes 1C. Proteins p. Explain the mode of action of enzymes in terms of an active site, enzyme -substrate complex, lowering of activation energy and enzyme specificity using the lock -and-key and induced -fit hypotheses. q. Investigate and explain the effects of temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration of an enzyme -catalysed reaction by measuring rates of formation of products (e.g. measuring gas produced using catalase) or rate of disappearance of substrate (e.g. using amylase, starch, and iodine). r. Describe the structure of competitive and non -competitive inhibitors with reference to the binding sites of the inhibitor. s. Explain the effects of competitive and non -competitive inhibitors (including allosteric inhibitors) on the rate of enzyme activity. Lecture Outline I. Importance of Enzymes II. Nature of Enzymes A. Terminology B. Structure C. Property III. Mode of Enzyme Action A. Activation Energy B. Mechanism of Enzyme Action C. Enzyme Specificity

River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 6: Proteins - Enzymes 2 IV. Measuring Rate of Enzyme-Catalysed Reaction V. Factors Affecting Rate of Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions A. Enzyme Concentration B. Substrate Concentration C. Temperature D. pH VI. Enzyme Inhibition A. Competitive Inhibition B. Non-competitive Inhibition C. Allosteric Regulation VII. Enzyme Cofactors A. Inorganic ions B. Coenzymes Websites URL Description https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgVFkRn8f10 Summary video on enzymes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EDBlowVST0 Summary video on enzyme reactions

River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 6: Proteins - Enzymes 3 I. Importance of Enzymes ⬧ Industrial processes use catalysts to speed up the production of important chemicals, reducing the need for high temperatures and pressures. ⬧ The reactions inside living organisms must take place at atmospheric pressure and much lower temperatures when compared with industrial reactions. At the human body temperature of 37°C, reactions