RVHS 15. Organisation of Genomes - Prokaryotes 9477

River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 15: Organisation of Genomes – Prokaryotes 1 River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 15: Organisation of Genomes – Prokaryotes Name: ( ) Class: 25J__ Date: References Title Author Biology (8th edition) Campbell and Reece Biology of Microorganisms (12th edition) Madigan, Martinko, Dunlap, Clark Biological Science 2 (3rd edition) Green, Stout and Taylor Molecular Biology of the Cell (5th edition) Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts and Walter Foundations in Microbiology (7th edition) Talaro Microbiology (4th edition) Baker, Griffiths, Nicklin Website URL Description http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter13/ Narrated animations on transformation, transduction and conjugation (by selecting the animation quiz) H2 Biology Syllabus 9477 (2025) Candidates should be able to use the knowledge gained in the following section(s) in new situations or to solve related problems. Related Topics Content Organisation of Genomes – Viruses Role of bacteriophage in bacterial transduction Control of Gene Expression Regulation of gene expression Molecular techniques in the study of gene expression Learning Outcomes 1A. Organelles and Cellular Structures d. Describe the structure of a typical bacterial cell (small and unicellular, peptidoglycan cell wall, circular DNA, 70S ribosomes and lack of membrane-bound organelles) 2B. Organelles and Cellular Structures a. Describe the structure and organisation of prokaryotic genomes, (including DNA/RNA, single -/double- stranded, number of nucleotides, packing of DNA, linearity/circularity and presence/absence of introns). d. Outline the mechanism of asexual reproduction by binary fission in a typical prokaryote and describe how transformation, transduction and conjugation (including the role of F plasmids but not Hfr) give rise to variation in prokaryotic genomes. Lecture Outline I. Bacterial Cell A. Bacterial cell structure B. Bacterial genome II. Bacterial Reproduction III. Genetic Recombination in Bacteria A. Transformation B. Transduction C. Conjugation

River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 15: Organisation of Genomes – Prokaryotes 2 I. Bacterial Cell Bacteria are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes, colonising almost all habitats on Earth. They are unicellular and have diameters ranging from 0.5 -5 µm, much smaller than many eukaryotic cells. Despite its small size, a bacterium is able to achieve its life functions all within a single cell. Structure of a typical bacteria cell. Electron micrograph of a bacteria cell. Internal Structures Structure Function 1. Nucleoid ⬧ Non-membrane-bound ⬧ A region of cytoplasm where bacterial chromosome is found ⬧ Appears lighter than surrounding cy