RVHS 14. Organisation of Genomes - Viruses 9477

River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 14: Organisation of Genomes – Viruses 1 River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 14: Organisation of Genomes – Viruses Name: ( ) Class: 25J__ Date: References Title Author Biology (8th edition) Campbell and Reece Biological Science 1: Organisms, Energy & Environment (3rd edition) Taylor, Green and Stout Brock Biology of Microorganisms (12th edition) Madigan, Martinko, Dunlap and Clark Foundations in Microbiology (7th edition) Talaro Microbiology (4th edition) Baker, Griffiths, Nicklin H2 Biology Syllabus 9477 (2025) Candidates should be able to use the knowledge gained in the following section(s) in new situations or to solve related problems. Related Topics Content Organisation of Genomes - Prokaryotes Role of bacteriophage in bacterial transduction Infectious Diseases How viruses cause disease in humans Learning Outcomes 1A. Organelles and Cellular Structures e. Describe the structural components of viruses, including enveloped viruses and bacteriophages, and interpret drawings and photographs of them. f. Discuss how viruses challenge the cell theory and concepts of what is considered living. 2B. Organelles and Cellular Structures a. Describe the structure and organisation of viral genomes, (including DNA/RNA, single -/double- stranded, number of nucleotides, packing of DNA, linearity/circularity and presence/absence of introns). b. Describe how the genomes of viruses are inherited through outlining the reproductive cycles of: i. bacteriophages that reproduce via lytic and lysogenic cycles, e.g. lambda phage; ii. enveloped viruses, e.g. influenza; and iii. retroviruses, e.g. HIV. c. Describe how variation in viral genomes arises, including antigenic shift and antigenic drift. Extension Topic A: Infectious Diseases g. Explain how viruses, including influenza and HIV, cause diseases in humans through the disruption of host tissue and functions (e.g. HIV and T helper cells, influenza and epithelial cells of the respiratory tract).

River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 14: Organisation of Genomes – Viruses 2 Lecture Outline I. Characteristics of Viruses A. Are viruses alive? B. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites C. Viruses exhibit host specificity II. Viral Structure III. Reproductive Cycles of Viruses A. General features of viral reproductive cycles B. Reproductive cycles of naked virus- Bacteriophage B1. Lytic and Lysogenic cycle of lambda phage C. Reproductive cycle of enveloped virus – Influenza D. Reproductive cycle of retrovirus – Human Immunodeficiency Virus E. Comparison of reproductive cycles of viruses IV. Variation in Viral Genomes A. Antigenic Drift B. Antigenic Shift V. Viral Infections A. How viral infections cause diseases B. Impact of Influenza infection C. Impact of HIV infection

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