RVHS 13. Stem Cells 9477

River Valley High School 1 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 13: Stem Cells River Valley High School 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 13: Stem Cells Name: ( ) Class: 25J__ Date: References Title Authors Biology (9th Edition) Campbell and Reece Introduction to Biotechnology (2nd Edition) Thieman and Palladino Stem Cells for Dummies (2nd Edition) Goldstein and Schneider H2 Biology Syllabus 9477 (2025) Candidates should be able to use the knowledge gained in the following section(s) in new situations or to solve related problems. Related Topic Concepts Organelles and Cellular Structures Cell Theory Learning Outcomes 1D. Stem Cells a. Describe the unique features of stem cells, including zygotic stem cells, embryonic stem cells and blood stem cells (lymphoid and myeloid), correctly using the terms: i. totipotency (e.g. zygotic stem cells) ii. pluripotency (e.g. embryonic stem cells) iii. multipotency (e.g. lymphoid and myeloid stem cells) b. Explain the normal functions of stem cells in a living organism, including embryonic stem cells and blood stem cells (lymphoid and myeloid). Lecture Outline I. Nature of Stem Cell A. Terminology B. Origin of Stem Cells II. Types of Stem Cell A. Zygotic Stem Cells B. Embryonic Stem Cells C. Adult Stem Cells III. Applications of Stem Cell A. Stem Cell Research B. Ethical Implications C. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

River Valley High School 2 2025 JC1 H2 Biology Lecture Topic 13: Stem Cells Websites URL Description https://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/stemcells.html Numerous animations on stem cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7367472/ Review paper on stem cell-based therapies I. NATURE OF STEM CELL A. Terminology Differentiation ⬧ The gradual appearance of characteristic cellular specialisations during development as the result of gene activation or repression. Stem cell ⬧ A relatively unspecialised cell that can o divide and grow indefinitely o differentiate into specialised cells of one or more types under appropriate conditions ⬧ Hence, stem cells are able to replenish their own population and to generate cells that travel down specific differentiation pathways. ⬧ In some cases, stem cells also may undergo asymmetric division, in which one daughter cell retains its stem cell properties and the other undergoes differentiation and develop into a specialised cell. Totipotency ⬧ Describes a cell that can give rise to all parts of the embryo and adult, as well as extra -embryonic tissues in species that have them. ⬧ Totipotent cells can differentiate into any cell type to form whole organisms. ⬧ In mammals, only zygote and the first four cells derived from a zygote are totipotent. They give rise to all the cells in the adult as well as the cells that form the placenta and umbilical cord, without which no foetus can survive Pluripotency ⬧ Describes a cell t