[JPJC2025] J2 H2 History Paper 1 Prelim

Name: __________________________________________ Class: _____________ JURONG PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examination 2025 HISTORY 9174/01 Higher 2 2 September 2025 Paper 1 The Changing International Order (1945 – 2000) 3 hours Additional materials: Answer Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages. [Turn over

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE FALL OF THE IRON DIVIDE 1 Read the sources and answer the questions that follow. Source A US-Soviet relations had come full circle in 1983. Europeans were declaring the outbreak of a Cold War II, and President Mitterrand compared the situation to the 1962 Cuban Crisis and the 1948 Berlin Blockade. Nowhere in the world were the superpowers squared off in a conflict likely to erupt into war. A substantial period of détente had come and gone. The Second Cold War was mainly a war of words. In March, President Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as the “focus of evil in the world” as an “evil empire”. General Secretary Andropov suggested Reagan was insane and a liar. Then things got nasty. Following Andropov’s lead and no doubt his direction, the Soviet media launched a verbal offensive of a kind not seen since Stalin. Reagan was repeatedly compared to Hitler and accused of “fanning the flames of war”. An extract from an article, 1996. Source B Gorbachev: From our discussion, I conclude that the US wants to reserve the possibility of conducting tests of the SDI program not only in the laboratory but also outside, in the air and in space. If that's so, there can be no agreement between us. Reagan: But you have to understand that experimentation and research cannot always be kept within the laboratory; sometimes it is simply necessary to go outside the laboratory. Gorbachev. You must understand me. We are agreeing to deep reductions and, ultimately, the destruction of nuclear weapons. And at the same time, the American side is pushing us to agree to give them the right to create space weapons. That is unacceptable to us. If you will agree to restricting research work to the laboratory, not letting it out into space, I will be ready in two minutes to sign the appropriate formulation and adopt the document. Reagan: I can't go along with that… Gorbachev: All right, then, let's end it here. What you propose is something we cannot go along with. I've said all I can. Extracted from the Russian records of the last session at Reykjavik, 12 October 1986.

3 Source C In the W