CGS 2025 H(E) QP+MS

1 This document consists of 6 printed pages, including the cover page. [Turn over `Class: Register No: Name: CRESCENT GIRLS’ SCHOOL SECONDARY FOUR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2025 HUMANITIES (HISTORY) Paper 2 Additional Materials: Answer Paper 2261/02 22 August 2025 1 hour 50 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, register number and class in the spaces provided at the top of this page and on all separate sheets of paper used. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Write all answers on the writing paper provided. Start each question on a fresh sheet of paper. At the end of the examination, fasten Section A and Section B SEPARATELY. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 Section A (Source-Based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. Why was this leaflet published and dropped in Korea in 1952? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C. To what extent would Zhou Enlai have agreed with President Truman? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Source D. Are you surprised by this source? Explain your answer. [5] (d) Study Sources E and F. To what extent can Source F prove Source E wrong? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. ‘The USSR was the main aggressor behind the Korean War.’ How far do these sources support this view ? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

3 [Turn over The Korean War BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. The Korean War (1950–1953) was a brutal conflict between North and South Korea, each backed by powerful allies. North Korea, supported by China and the Soviet Union, invaded the South in 1950. In response, South Korea, aided by United Nations forces, mainly from the United States, fought to repel the invasion. Chinese troops played a major role in turning the tide for the North, while American and South Korean forces led major counteroffensives. While China and the U.S. were the most visible players, many argue that the USSR was the true force behind the communist effort. So, who contributed more to the Korean War? Was it the massive military support from the U.S. China and the USSR, or the resilience and sacrifice of the Korean people themselves? Study the sources to find out who was main aggressor behind the Korean War. Source A: An American leaflet published and dropped for the Chinese in Korea in 1952. "Communists – Masters of Deceit”

4 Source C: Adapted from a speech by Zhou Enlai on 24 October 1950 to the Chinese. The Korean question is an international one . If they are to win, they must secure international assistance, especially now that they are in difficulty. We should uphold revolutionary morality. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) must be victorious. China and Korea are neighboring countries as closely related as lips and teeth. If the lips are gone, the teeth are exposed to the cold. If the DPRK is subjugated by US imperialism, there will be no security for northeast China. Half of our heavy industry is in the Northeast . Just in the two months between August 27 and yesterday, planes of the US imperialists have invaded our airspace 12 times. If the US imperialists get close to the Yalu River, how can we have peace of mind to go about our own production? Source D: Adapted from a report by a Polish Marxist writer on the Korean War on 1 August 1950. The communist vi ctory in China gave the Korean problem a new importance . Previously, North Korea had served merely to safeguard the Russian interest in Manchuria. Since Mao’s victory, the Russian stake in Asia has grown immensely . From Korea an enemy might threaten the Russian influence in Manchuria and more importantly Russian influence in China. There was no such threat when Stalin and Mao were making up their minds about Korea. They were dealing with potential rather than actual dangers. However, Stalin and Mao could not take the stability of the Communist government of North Korea for granted as long as South Korea, comprising two-thirds of the Korean population, remained under American influence. Stalin took a ‘bold’ line in Korea: let Kim Il Sung attack. This would help him maintain his position as leader of the communist world and eliminate American influence from the whole of the peninsula. Source B: Adapted from a speech by President Truman during a News Conference on 30 November 1950. Recent developments in Korea confront the world with a serious crisis. The Chinese Communist leaders have sent their troops to launch a strong and well -organized attack against the United Nations forces in North Korea. This was despite prolonged and earnest efforts to bring home to the Communist leaders of China the plain fact that neither the United Nations nor the United States has any aggressive intentions toward China. Some had hoped for a normal peaceful process of negotiation . However, the Chinese had not shown any willingness to engage in this process. Instead, they have been making violent and wholly false statements, the type often been used by the Soviet representatives, to prevent the Security Council from acting. We hope that the Chinese people will not continue to be forced or deceived into serving the ends of Russian colonial policy in Asia.

5 [Turn over Source E: Adapted from a leaflet in the form of a letter written by General MacArthur to Kim Il-Sung in October 1950. This is to inform you of the resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, on October 8, 1950. In order that the decisions of the United Nations may be carried out with a minimum loss of life and destruction of property, I, as the United Nations Commander-in-Chief, for the last time, call upon you and the forces under your command, to lay down your arms and cease hostilities. I call upon all North Koreans to cooperate fully with the United Nations in establishing a unified, independent and Democratic Government of Korea . They will be treated justly and that the United Nations will act to relieve and rehabilitate all parts of a unified Korea. Unless immediate response is made by you in the name of the North Korean Government, I shall at once proceed to take such military action as may be necessary to enforce the decrees of the United Nations. Source F: A North Korean leaflet dropped in Korea between 1951-1953. What your delegation is aiming at is obvious. They do not want Armistice but desire the continuation of the war. And how about you? What would the offensive, which your command is preparing, bring to you? Think it over! It would bring only death to you. Fight for Armistice if you don’t want to die. Aggression Ceasefire North Korea

6 Section B: Essays Answer two questions. 2 “The political weaknesses of the Weimar government was the main reason for the rise of Hitler.” How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] 3 “US foreign policy towards Japan was the main reason for the outbreak of WWII in the Asia-Paci