Theme Ib Pursuit of National Unity

Theme Ib: Pursuit of National Unity 1 Let them burn and we shall clap our hands.” And “if the Buddhists wish to have another barbecue, I will be glad to supply the gasoline and a match Madame Nhu 1 https://kyotoreview.org/issue-35/remembering-of-thich-quang-duc-and-his-self-immolation/

Criteria for Evaluation 1. Territorial Unity: Governments are able to ensure the integrity of their borders are protected from within and beyond 2. Governments are able to maintain the territorial boundaries of various ethnic communities without inciting riots 3. Whether the masses identify with the policies of the state 4. Whether the policies implemented by governments compromise the distinct identity of various ethnic groups Ai. Ideology 1. Employment of ideologies that served as a common set of values for the ethnically diverse population to rally around, therefore fostering a common identity that transcended ethno-religious lines, centring more around a national identity. a. Indonesia’s Pancasila composed of i. Believe in the one and only God ii. Nationalism iii. Humanitarianism iv. Social Justice v. Democracy Pancasila was enforced within the Indonesian youth and in government parties under Suharto, serving as a common set of values for the over 13002 ethnic groups in Indonesia and a source of pride due to its uniquely Indonesian composition. Probe: However, Pancasila was used mostly in Aceh as an attempt to dilute the Aceh culture and population by undertaking a policy of transmigration. Amalagamated in the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) insurgency in 1976 b. Singapore’s shared values i. Nation before community, society above self ii. Family as the basic unity of society iii. Community support and respect for the individual iv. Conflict, not consensus v. Racial and Religious Harmony The shared values ensured that not only will a racially and religiously diverse Singapore still bare commonalities with each other, but our eastern roots are still preserved in the face of increasing liberal western influences in the form of media. 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesians#:~:text=Main%20article:%20Ethnic%20groups%20in,have%20 only%20hundreds%20of%20members

Probe: However, Muslim Singaporeans still have the propensity to dress, eat and behave similarly to the Muslims in the middle east while isolating themselves from the locals,3 implying that the Muslims are not fully integrated. c. The Laotian government sought to inculcate a national identity among its populace regardless of ethnicity. The use of 3 general classifications, Lao Loum, Lao Theung and Lao Sung emphasised the commonality of a Lao nationality. While they are united by a Lao nationality that transcends ethnic differences, they still are permitted to continue their unique cultural practices Probe: However, the Pathet Lao subjected the Hmong ethnic group to re- education camps and hard physical labour, killing many due to their collabora