SAJC Prelim 2025 QP

ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examination General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 1 HISTORY Paper 1: The Cold War and the Modern World (1945–1991) No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST 8838/01 29 August 2025 3 hours An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front of the cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

_________________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 5 printed pages and 1 blank page. [Turn Over© SAJC 2025 8838/01/J2/Prelims/2025 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE END OF THE COLD WAR 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A A British cartoon from “The Independent” newspaper, 1988. Source B Bush admitted to Gorbachev at the Malta Summit that the United States had been ‘shaken by the rapidity of the unfolding changes’ in Eastern Europe. He had changed his own position ‘by 180 degrees.’ He was trying ‘to do nothing that which would lead to undermining your position.’ Perhaps with Reagan in mind, he promised that he would not ‘climb the Berlin Wall and make high-sounding pronouncements.’ But Bush went on to say: ‘I hope you understand that it is impossible to demand of us that we disapprove of German reunification.’ A lot was implied in these exchanges. Bush was confirming that his administration had been caught off guard – as had everyone else – by what had happened. He was acknowledging Gorbachev’s importance in these events: the United States did not wish to weaken him. But Bush was also signalling that the Americans and the West Germans intended now to push for German reunification, something that would have seemed wildly impractical only a few weeks earlier.

From an extract from The Cold War: A New History, by John Lewis Gaddis, 2005.© SAJC 2025 8838/01/J2/Prelims/2025 3 Source C Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with peace. Freedom is the victor. And now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control. Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it? We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security g