AHS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P2 MS

ANGLICAN HIGH SCHOOL SECONDARY 4 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2025 GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 MARKING GUIDE FOR TEACHERS 2279/02 27 August 2025 MAXIMUM MARK: 50 This document consists of 10 printed pages. Page 1 of 10

Question Answer Marks 1(a) Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows land use in Singapore. With reference to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), suggest reasons for the spatial pattern of industrial areas in Singapore. Award 1 mark for each suggested reason given for the spatial pattern of industrial areas in Singapore. Possible responses include: ● Industrial areas are mainly clustered in the west of Singapore. [1 mark] ● Located away from main residential areas and nature areas to reduce air pollution in those areas. [1 mark] ● Clustering allows industries to tap on each other’s expertise, share infrastructure, and access common facilities, fostering cooperation and collaboration. [1 mark] ● Locating industries close together improves logistics and transportation efficiency, as goods and raw materials can be moved more quickly between them and nearby ports. [1 mark] 3 1(b) Study Fig. 1.2, which shows an event poster from the Changi Simei Residents’ Committee (RC) Centre. With reference to Fig. 1.2, describe how community activities can contribute to the effectiveness of disaster risk management plans. Award 1 mark for each description of how community activities can help disaster risk management plans to be effective. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development, where applicable Possible responses include: ● Community events strengthen relationships among residents and foster positive ties within the neighbourhood [1 mark], as events such as Racial Harmony Day provide opportunities for residents to participate and come together. [1 additional mark] ● Community events encourage residents to get to know their neighbours so that they can depend on one another during emergencies, hazards, or disasters. [1 mark] Hence, residents can get help faster from one another. [1 additional mark] ● Community events integrate people of different ages and backgrounds [1 mark], allowing vulnerable individuals such as the elderly and people with disabilities to be better supported [1 additional mark] or to contribute different experiences and skills during disaster risk management. [1 additional mark] 4 Page 2 of 10

Question Answer Marks 1(c) Explain the disadvantages that people and nature may bring to each other. Award 1 mark for each valid explanation of how people and nearby nature areas negatively affect each other, up to a maximum of 4 marks. Award an additional 1 mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. If the response addresses only one direction of the relationship (e.g. only how people affect nature or only how nature affects people), award a maximum of 3 marks. Possible responses include: How people bring disadvantages to nature Soil erosion and damage to vegetation ● When people hike along non-designated trails in nature areas, they may cause soil compaction, which prevents rainwater from infiltrating the surface. [1 mark] ● This leads to higher surface runoff and soil erosion as flowing water washes away soil particles. [1 additional mark] ● Trampling on vegetation can damage plants and affect their growth. [1 mark] ● In 2014, human activities led to severe soil erosion and habitat degradation in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. This resulted in the limiting of public access to the reserve for 2 years. [1 additional mark] Worsening pollution and disturbing wildlife ● Littering worsens pollution in natural areas. [1 mark] ● Animals can be cut by metal cans or become entangled in plastic containers and bags. [1 mark] ● Some animals may mistake litter for food and consume it. [1 mark] This may cause injury, suffering, and even death. [1 additional mark] ● Feeding wild animals can lead to changes in their habits and behaviour. Human–wildlife conflict may increase when animals start associating people with food. [1 mark] Any relevant example may be credited. [1 additional mark] How nature may bring disadvantages to people ● As wildlife populations in cities increase, people who do not know how to interact with them may unintentionally provoke animals, leading to attacks. [1 mark] 4 Page 3 of 10

● Some animals may become confused and fearful when they venture into unfamiliar open spaces, increasing the likelihood of attacks if triggered. [1 mark] ● Environmental protection may sometimes be perceived as limiting development. Some local communities may feel that protection of nature is done at the expense of their needs. [1 mark] Example: The Cross Island Line was re-routed around the Central Catchment Nature Reserve to protect the rainforest, but this affected residents as it caused inconvenience, potential property damage, and the acquisition of some homes. [1 additional mark] Page 4 of 10 Question Answer Marks 1(d) Study Fig. 1.3 (Insert), which shows the environment of Bishan–Ang Mo Kio Park. With reference to Fig. 1.3 (Insert), explain the benefits residents can gain from the park’s regulating ecosystem services. Award 1 mark for each explanation of the benefits residents can gain from the park’s regulating ecosystem services. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: ● Trees in the park can regulate climate by lowering surface and air temperatures by providing shade to residents. [1 mark] ● Trees and other plants in the park regulate air quality by removing pollutants from the atmosphere. [1 mark] ● The vegetation cover in the park can regulate water flow by reducing surface runoff so that water is retained in the soil. [1 mark] This is also known as water flow regulation. [1 additional mark] ● Forests can help to cool areas by generating rainfall, thus increasing water availability both locally and regionally. [1 mark] 4 2(a)(i) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows the various parts of an earthquake. Identify the parts of an earthquake marked X and Y shown in Fig. 2.1. Award 1 mark each for the correct identification of X and Y. X: Epicentre Y: Focus 2 2(a)(ii) With reference to Fig. 2.1, describe the processes that result in earthquakes. Award 1 mark for each valid description of a process that results in earthquakes, to a maximum of 4 marks. ● Earthquakes generally occur along plate boundaries, which contain systems of deep fractures called faults. [1 mark] 4

Page 5 of 10 ● Rock masses on either side of a fault are pushed by tectonic forces; friction causes the rocks to become locked, and stress builds up. [1 mark] ● When the stress exceeds the strength of the fault, the rocks snap or suddenly move to a new position, causi