ANDSS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

O ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examinations 2025 Secondary Four Express CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER: GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 2279/01 26 August 2025 1 hour 45 minutes 0800 - 0945 Additional Materials: Insert MARK SCHEME

Prelim 4E GY 2279/01 2025 2 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life A group of students from Horizon High School is interested to find out residents’ perception of urban heat within a precinct. They want to investigate if the type of surface material influences the likelihood and frequency of residents spending time in various outdoor locations. They tested the hypothesis: ‘Residents prefer to visit outdoor locations with natural surfaces than artificial ones due to lower perceived heat.’ To prepare for their investigation, the students conducted a pilot survey on a Saturday afternoon. Fig. 1.1 shows an excerpt from their fieldwork journal that documents insights gained during the pilot survey. Excerpt from the students’ fieldwork journal Date: 5 May 2025 Time: 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM Location: Ang Mo Kio Block 400s (near a small community garden) Sample size: 10 residents Notes: - Managed to find respondents quite easily. Many residents were reluctant to stop for long interviews due to the heat. Administered a short closed-ended questionnaire and attempted mental mapping. Some participants found it hard to draw detailed maps from scratch. Q5 was interpreted differently by different respondents. Fig. 1.1 (a) (i) Suggest a measure that students could be implemented to mitigate a possible risk faced during their investigation. [2] Award 1m for identification of possible risk. Award 1m for suggesting a reasonable measure to mitigate it. • Risk: Heat stress / Dehydration / Sunburn [1] • Mitigation: Students should stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water/ wear light and loose clothing/ take frequent breaks in shaded areas/ schedule fieldwork during cooler periods of the day [1] Accept all plausible answers. AO1 (ii) Using Fig. 1.1, suggest why conducting a pilot survey is important. [2] Award 1 mark for suggesting a benefit of pilot survey, up to 1m. Award 1 additional mark for a further elaboration, up to 1m. • To identify potential problems/challenges with fieldwork methods to make changes/improve/refine [1]

Prelim 4E GY 2279/01 2025 3 o E.g. After finding out that most respondents do not know how to draw maps from scratch, they can provide base maps for the actual investigation [1 additional mark] • To assess feasibility of the investigation [1] o Whether or not the selected time, duration and venue is easy to find respondents if the timeframe [1 additional mark] AO2 (b) The students decided to conduct a questionnaire to investigate their hypothesis near four different outdoor locations within the precinct: a playground with artificial turf, a community garden with natural soil, a basketball court with concrete surface, and a park lawn with grass. (i) Explain why convenience sampling may not be an appropriate choice of sampling method for their investigation. [4] Award 1m for each explanation, up to 4m. Award max of 1m for further elaboration of each description, if applicable. • Convenience sampling is carried out in an ad hoc manner that is most accessible to the researcher. [1] • Hence does not take into consideration factors like a person's sex, age and ethnicity that may influence data collected [1] o For instance, an active youth may be more likely to spend time at basketball court in spite of perceived higher heat. [1 additional mark] • Does not create a representative sample with a proportional makeup of the whole population [1 additional mark] o Hence data collected may not be reliable [1 additional mark] AO2

Prelim 4E GY 2279/01 2025 4 (ii) Study Tables 1.1 and 1.2, which shows information the students collected with the questionnaire. Table 1.1 Information collected with the questionnaire Q2: How likely are you to visit the following locations? Table 1.2 Q3: How frequent do you to visit the following locations? Results of the questionnaire Using Tables 1.1 and 1.2, describe the relationship between the residents’ likelihood and frequency of visits to the different locations. [3]

Prelim 4E GY 2279/01 2025 5 Award 1m for description of relationship, up to 2m. Award 1m for elaboration of each relationship. • There is no clear co-relation between likelihood and frequency of visits to the locations. [1] • Out of 4 locations, only 2 showed strong alignment between likelihood and frequency of visits to the location. [1] o Park Lawn and Community Garden with highest % of likelihood of visiting (75% and 80% respectively) which corresponds to them having the highest frequency of visiting of 50% [1 additional mark] • The other 2 locations showed that high likelihood of 50% and above of visiting did not translate into frequency of visits. [1] o E.g. especially for playground where there is a relatively high % of residents (65%) reporting likelihood of visit, yet half of that figure rarely/never ever visit. [1 additional mark] OR • There is generally a positive co-relation [1] • Places where residents reported high likelihood of visits do correspond with places with high frequency of visits. [1] o Park Lawn and Community Garden with highest % of likelihood of visiting (75% and 80% respectively) which corresponds to them having the highest frequency of visiting of 50% [1 additional mark] o Likewise Basketball Court and Playground have comparatively lower % of likelihood of visiting which corresponds to the comparatively lower frequency. [1 additional mark]/specific e.g. such as there is high % of 50% of residents who mentioned they are not likely to visit Basketball court and that correspond to the high % of 80% residents who rarely or never visit it, or at most 1- 2 times a week. [1 additional mark] • There is generally a negative co-relation [1] • Residents generally indicated a high likelihood to visit all locations, with more than 50% who indicated they will visit, but a vast majority would frequent them at most twice a week. [1] o For instance, for playground with a relatively high 65% who are likely or very likely to visit has about double of residents saying they will visit only at most twice a week [1 additional mark] o Even though half of the residents indicated likelihood to visit, more than thrice of them only visited at most twice a week [1 additional mark] o Despite community garden having the highest 80% likelihood, only half of the residents would visit frequently of at least thrice a week [1] Also accepted: If students talk about the relationship between likelihood and frequency at natural vs artificial surfaces, cap at 1m at question is not asking for conclusion of likelihood and frequency across the different locations. AO2

Prelim 4E GY 2279/01 2025 6 (iii) Figs. 1.4 and 1.5 show bar graphs representing the results of the questionnaire from Tables 1.1 and 1.2. Fig. 1.4 Fig. 1.5 Use information from Table 1.1 to complete the bar graph for the percentage of residents who are very likely to visit the four locations. [3] Likelihood of visits to locations Frequency of visits to locations

Prelim 4E GY 2279/01 2025 7 Award 3m for % plotted correctly for 4 locations. Award 2m for % plotted correctly for 3 locations. Award 1m for % plotted correctly for 2 locations. AO1 (iv) Evaluate the usefulness of data collected in Tables 1.1 and 1.2 in helping students understand residents’ preferences for visiting outdoor locations due to perceived heat. [6] Award 1m for