CAT HIGH 2025 GEOG PRELIM P2 MS

©CHS 2024 Mark Scheme 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows a children’s playground and an adult fitness corner in Tanjong Pagar. (i) Using Fig. 1.1 (Insert), explain the spatial association shown in the photograph. [2] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 2 marks. • [Proximity] The playgrounds and fitness corners are usually built near each other, this allows parents or grandparents to exercise while still keeping an eye on their children playing • [Usage] The playground caters to children’s needs for play, while the fitness corner serves adults’ needs for exercise (ii) Describe how the facilties in Fig. 1.1 (Insert) could benefit local communities. [2] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. • These spaces become gathering points where children make friends and adults interact with neighbours • This strengthens community bonds and fosters a sense of belonging [1 m additional] • Enourages active lifestyle through exercising (b) Explain how people acquire a sense of place in their neighbourhoods. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. • People acquire sense of place when they associate importance, meanings and memories with specific locations in their neighbourhoods • Most people’s sense of place is due to repeated encounters of the natural and built environment, and regular interaction with others in their neighbourhoods • For instance, students would remember significant events that took place at different parts of their schools like the canteen or field [1 m additional]

2 ©CHS 2024 • People’s sense of place may also be associated with significant or memorable events that took place at local landmarks and gathering places. • For example, the Bedok Town Square, which regularly hosts events such as competitions, fairs, performances and roadshows, offering diverse experiences for visitors [1 m additional] (c) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), which shows a photograph of Tianjin Eco City in China. (i) With reference to Fig. 1. 2 (Insert), explain how Tianjin Eco City contribute to sustainable development in China. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Answer should cover at least 2 aspects of sustainable development. • [Environmental] Buildings and landscaping in TJ is designed such that it is energy efficient through the use of solar panels • [Environmental] LRT systems run on electricity rather than petrol or diesel. This produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and less air pollution compared to private cars or buses. • [Economic] LRT is a reliable transport helps people reach workplaces, schools, and shopping areas more quickly. This boosts productivity and supports local businesses. • [Economic] LRT lowers transport cost for people • [Social] Eco-city provides a healthy living environment as eco-cities have more green spaces, clean air, and less pollution. This improves the residents’ health and well-being. • [Social] The presence of green spaces encourage social interaction which helps to build a sense of belonging and togetherness (ii) Outline factors that can hinder sustainable development. [3] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 3 marks. • Overuse of natural resources, which leads to depletion and environmental damage. • Poverty, as poorer communities may prioritise short-term survival over long-term sustainability. • Government lack resources such as funds and hence could not invest in sustainable development • Poor planing and implementation of policies which can lead to destruction of natural ecoystem / traffic congestion / pollution.

3 2 Cluster 4: Tectonics (a) Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), which shows the age of oceanic lithoshpere at the seabed. Using Fig. 2.1, explain how the age of the rocks is an evidence of plate tectonic theory. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 3 marks. Reserve 1 mark for data. • Rocks nearest to the centre of mid-ocean ridge are the youngest, approx. 0- 20 million years old while rocks furthest away from the ridge are progressively older, approx. 40 – 120 million years old [Data] • This is due to seafloor spreading where two plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries • Magma from deep within the earth rises through the mid-ocean ridge, forming new oceanic crusts • Hence this means that the Earth’s lithospheric plates are moving apart due to convection currents in the mantle [therefore an evidence of plate tectonic theory] (b) Study Fig. 2.2 (Insert), which shows the relationship between the magnitude of earthquake and death tolls in Turkey from 1903 to 2023. (i) Using Fig. 2.2, describe the relationship between the magnitude of earthquake and death tolls in Turkey. [3] Award 1 mark for each description, to a maximum of 3 marks. Reserve 1 mark for data AND 1 mark for exception. • Generally, the higher the magnitude, the higher the death toll • For example, 1939 EQ magnitude is 7.8 with a death toll of 33 000 • However, there are exceptions. The EQ in 2023 magnitude is 7.8 but death toll is approx 5 000 OR • In the year 1975, the dead toll is low approx. 3000 despite a high magnitude of 7.5 (ii) Suggest how earthquakes can bring serious impacts to the economy. [2] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 2 marks. • EQ damage infrastructure and buildings, disrupting transport and trade • Rebuilding requires huge amounts of money • Disruption to services such as electricity, water, and communication networks may be damaged which affects industries • Governments spend large amounts on emergency relief and reconstruction. This diverts money away from other aspects of development

4 ©CHS 2024 • Tourists would avoid the area, leading to decrease in tourism revenue (c) Evaluate the risks and benefits of living near volcanoes. [6] Award 1 mark for each description, to a maximum of 6 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Both risks and benefits are to be discussed. Benefits of Living Near Volcanoes • Geothermal energy can be harnessed from the Earth's natural heat which is associated with active volcanoes giving off heat at depth • Steam from high-temperature geothermal fluids can be used to drive turbines and generate electrical power • Geothermal heat warms more than 70% of the homes in Iceland, and The Geysers geothermal field in Northern California produces enough electricity to meet the power demands of San Francisco. [1 additional mark for example] • Tourism activities can develop at the volcanic cone as the scenery is most breath- taking. o For example, Mount Fuji, the 3,776 metres tall volcano in Japan, is the central feature of