CCHM 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

Answer all questions. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life A group of students in the United Kingdom wanted to investigate causes of air pollution in their city area and residents’ opinions on strategies taken to reduce it. They went to the city area on a weekday and used a closed-ended questionnaire survey to collect the views of the residents. They divided themselves into two groups, with one group interviewing the first 50 residents who are less than 50 years old and the other group interviewing the first 50 residents who are above 50 years old. Each group of students interviewed 50 residents. They conducted their questionnaire at the location labelled X shown in Fig.1.1. A copy of their questionnaire is in Fig. 1.2 (Insert). Land use map of the city area in the United Kingdom Key: Household goods store Supermarket Convenience goods store C Specialist store non-food (e.g. florist, travel agent) Sp Personal services (e.g. hairdresser, nail parlour) P Charity shop Ch Cafe CE Offices O Vacant shop space V Fig. 1.1 (a) Explain the advantages and a safety concern of conducting their questionnaire at location X. [3]

2 ● One advantage would be a high footfall /pedestrian traffic at location X as it leads to the bus station so students would be able to get respondents more easily. ● They would also be able to seek shelter at the bus station if it rains. ● It may not be very safe for the students as they are standing at a small road at the entrance / exit to the bus station and accidents may happen . (b) The students collected information on the types of air pollution and their origin. They represented the information in a comparative bar graph. Table 1.1 shows the information collected by the students and Fig. 1.3 shows their partially completed graph. Table 1.1 Types of air pollution and their origin origin of air pollution (%) types of air pollution transportation fuel burning industrial processes construction and agriculture carbon monoxide 85 5 10 0 dust and airborne particles 1 2 2 95 nitrogen oxides 49 47 4 0 sulfur oxides 3 85 10 2 others 35 3 62 0 (i) Use the information in Table 1.1 to complete the bar graph in Fig.1.3 for transportation and industrial processes. [2] Answer: Types of air pollution and their source of origin Fig. 1.3 (ii) Describe one other graphical method the students could use to present the data in Table 1.1.[2] ● They could plot a series of pie charts , one for each origin of air pollutant. 2025 PreliminaryExaminations/CCHMS/Secondary 4/GEOGRAPHY2279/01

3 ● Each segment will show the percentage for each origin of air pollutant. (c) The students created a list of strategies to reduce air pollution and classified them as nature-based or policy-based. They wanted to test the hypothesis: ‘ People are more supportive of nature-based strategies compared to policy-based strategies to reduce air pollution’. When conducting the questionnaire, the students decided to show respondents photographs of how other cities have adopted these strategies to reduce pollution, as seen in Figs. 1.4A (Insert) and 1.4B (Insert). Table 1.2 shows the results of the close-ended questionnaire survey conducted on respondents’ opinion of strategies to reduce air pollution in their city. Table 1.2 Respondents’ opinion of strategies to reduce air pollution in their city <50 years old > 50 years old strategies to reduce air pollution classification support the strategy do not support the strategy support the strategy do not support the strategy plant more trees nature-based 41 9 32 18 promote green walls and green roofs nature-based 30 20 29 21 create more green spaces and parks nature-based 35 15 39 11 build extensive network of cycling lanes policy-based 23 27 12 38 provide subsidies for electric cars policy-based 39 11 42 8 introduce car free days on weekends policy-based 21 29 9 41 (i) To what extent does the data in Table 1.2 support the students’ hypothesis? [4] ● The data supports the students’ hypothesis to a large extent . ● From Table 1.2, nature-based strategies garnered a higher level of support, with a total of 206 responses compared to policy-based strategies which had a lower level support at a total of 146 responses. ● A larger number of 74 people are also supportive of nature-based strategies like ‘create more green spaces and parks’ compared to a smaller number of 35 people who are supportive of policy-based strategies such as ‘build extensive network of cycling lanes’. OR A larger number of 73 people are supportive of nature-based strategies like ‘plant more trees’ compared to a smaller number of 30 people who are supportive of policy-based strategies such as ‘introduce car free days on weekends’. 2025 PreliminaryExaminations /CCHMS/Secondary 4/GEOGRAPHY/2279/01 [Turn over

4 ● However, there is an exception. A large number of 81 people are supportive of policy -based strategies which is to ‘provide subsidies of electric cars’. This is higher than any other nature-based strategies. (ii) With reference to Table 1.2, explain some factors which could have influenced how supportive respondents are of the various strategies. [3] ● One factor is age . Older people are mostly not in favour of strategies that could be physically more demanding such as cycling. ● Another factor could be concerns about cost . The approach of ‘provide subsidies for electric cars’ received strong support because it lowers the cost of purchasing a car. ● Another factor could be lack of convenience . Many people were not supportive of ‘car-free days on weekends’ because it would require them to walk, take public transport, or cycle which could be troublesome and time-consuming. (d) Evaluate the data collection methods used by the students. [6] For: ● Their sample size of 100 people is large enough to conduct a reasonable analysis of data. ● The use of a close ended questionnaire with pre-defined responses makes it easy for respondents to complete the survey . ● Collecting quantitative data makes it easier for students to analyse data to better draw conclusions / see patterns. ● Students included a wide range of nature-based and policy-based strategies and classified them, which could help gain a better understanding of residents’ opinions on strategies to reduce