CGS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

1 This document consists of 17 printed pages. [Turn over CRESCENT GIRLS’ SCHOOL SECONDARY FOUR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2025 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert 2279/01 26 August 2025 1 hour 45 minutes Suggested Marking Guide

2 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life During their internship with the Singapore Tourism Board (STB), a group of students were tasked to investigate the benefits and costs of Singapore hosting the Formula 1 (F1) race annually. Using information that they found online, the students came up with a simplified map of the area where the race was held, Fig. 1.1 [Insert]. (a) (i) Identify the type of data that students referenced, to come up with Fig. 1.1. [1] Possible responses include: • The students referenced secondary data to come up with Fig. 1.1. AO2 (ii) The students were interested to find out the original land use of the area when the race was not held to do a comparison of land-use. Suggest one source of data that the students could find this information from. [1] Possible responses include: • The students used information from online search engines/street directories/reference maps from libraries/archives/government agencies. A01 (b) The students understood that one of the drawbacks of the race was the diversion of traffic and its consequences for all affected roads. Fig. 1.2 [Insert] show parts of the race circuit and hence the affected roads where traffic would be diverted from Friday to Sunday of the race weekend. As such, the students sought to find out the typical traffic count along St. Andrew’s Road, one of the roads that would be affected. The students collected the data on a Sunday evening, between the timings of 5.00pm to 10.00pm at the location marked X. Fig. 1.3 below shows the data collected. Time Number of vehicles 5pm 1100 6pm 700 7pm 1200 8pm 1300 9pm 800 10pm 700 Fig. 1.3 (i) Using Fig. 1.3, complete the graph in Fig. 1.4 to indicate the number of vehicles that were travelling along St. Andrew’s Road during the study duration. [3] (ii) Evaluate the reliability of the data collected by the students. [2]

3 [Turn over Possible responses include: • The data collected was reliable because the students conducted the study for a relatively long period of 5 hours. • The data collected was unreliable because the students only collected data on Sunday evening which is not representative of the whole race weekend. • The data collected was unreliable because the students only did a traffic count for one of the roads which does not represent all affected roads. A03 (iii) Suggest two improvements that could be made to the data collection process. [2] Possible responses include: • The students could conduct the study for a longer duration that spans more than 5 hours/more days • The students could expand the collection fo traffic count to more than one affected road. A02 (c) The students understood that a key benefit from the holding of the F1 race was the increase in tourism expenditure when tourists travelled to Singapore to watch the event. Using Fig. 1.5 below, the students decided to conduct interviews with tourists to invtesigate the hypothesi s “During the F1 race period, tourists travel to Singapore to watch the race only.” Questionnnaire 1. What is your age? a. 0 – 20 b. 21 – 40 c. 41 – 60 d. > 60 2. What is your gender? a. Male / Female 3. Did you travel to Singapore to specially attend the Formula 1 race? a. Yes / No 4. Are you staying in Singapore for more than 5 days? a. Yes / No 5. Will you be attending any F1-related events or activities during your stay? a. Yes / No Fig. 1.5 Using Fig. 1.5, evaluate the usefulness of the questionnaire in helping the students determine if the hypothesis is valid. [4]

4 Possible responses include: • [Evaluation] The questionnaire is useful because it contains questions that can ellict relevant responses that are related to the hypothesis. • [Additional elaboration] For example, an answer to the question such as ‘ Did you travel to Singapore specifically to attend the Formula 1 race?,’ will provide a useful response. • [Evaluation] The questionnaire is not useful because there are questions that are irrelevant to the hypothesis. • [Additional elaboration] For example, questions 1 and 2 will ellicit responses that will not help students determine if the hypothesis is valid. • [Evaluation] The questionnaire may be limited in its usefulness because it is made up of only close -ended questions that do not allow for hybrid or mixed responses. • [Additional elaboration] For example, a tourist may have mixed thoughts about Question 3 but does not have the option to elaborate or provide more information. This could affect the information collected. A03 (d) The students then discussed among themselves about the sampling method and decided that they would use convenience sampling (a form of non -probability sampling) to run a pilot test of the interviews. (i) Explain why the students decided to use a non -probability sampling method instead of a probability sampling method. [2] Possible responses include: • Based on the context, it is unnecessary/impractical to select an unbiased and representative sample for the sampling. • It is also more efficient and can be completed quickly even with time constraints. A01 (ii) Using Fig. 1.2 [Insert], describe how the students can go about conducting the interviews using convenience sampling. [3] Possible responses include: • The students will come up with the questions for the interview survey. • They will have an agreed sample size e.g., 100 respondents. • They will then distribute it to the first 100 people they meet outside locations such as ‘The Fullerton Hotel’, ‘Esplanade’ or ‘The Padang’. [Accept other plausible locations] A02

5 [Turn over (iii) Identify two limitations of the students’ choice of sampling method. [2] Possible responses include: • This selection of tourists for the interview may be biased • Data collected may be less representative of the whole population • Data collected may not be accurate in allowing the students to draw general conclusions about the population A02 [Total: 20] Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Study Figs. 2.1 and 2.2 (Insert), which show the annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the aviation industry in 2013 and 2024 respectively. (i) Using Figs. 2.1 and 2.2, compare the annual carbon dioxide emissions from 2013 to 2024. [3] Possible responses include: • [Similarity] North America remained among the highest emitters in both 2013 and 2024, consistently shaded in dark orange to dark red, indicating emissions in the 10 million to over 100 million tons range. • [Difference] The overall global intensity of emissions has increased, with more countries shaded in darker tones in 2024, suggesting a broad rise in aviation-related CO₂ output. • [Difference] From 2013 to 2024, there has been a notable increase in emissions in East and Southeast Asia, particular