NHHS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE CLASS INDEX NUMBER NUMBER GEOGRAPHY 2279/01 Paper 1 27 August 2025 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class, and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue, or correction fluid/tape. Answer all questions. The insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total mark for this paper is 50. This document consists of 8 printed pages S 2 3 8 6 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2025

2 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Answer all questions. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life Marina Bay Sands in Singapore is popular with tourists for its iconic architecture, and world class shopping and dining amenities. A group of students wanted to investigate the research question, ‘Which area in Marina Bay Sands is the most popular with visitors?’ Fig. 1.1 shows the map of Marina Bay Sands where the students conducted their investigation. (a) Describe two factors that the students should consider when deciding on the fieldwork locations in Marina Bay Sands. [2] • Students have to take note of traffic hazards in the area and road crossing procedures. • Students have to consider if there are enough of them to be deployed for the investigation at the different sites so that the data is representative enough for the investigation. (b) The students wanted to design a closed ended questionnaire to answer their research question. With reference to Fig. 1.1, explain how the students could collect the data needed to answer their research question. [5] Location / Site • The students can pair up and locate themselves at the entrances of MBS / taxi stands / MRT station entrances as the range and volume of visitors would be the greatest. • These locations are ideal as they are where most visitors would alight and enter Marina Bay sands hence providing opportunities for students to approach the visitors easily. Sampling method • Students could use the simple random sampling as it is used to remove bias that may come from the choices made by the students / has a greater chance of creating a representative sample. • Students could use a random number generator / a die to select the visitors to survey. Duration / Time • Students should also conduct the questionnaire for an hour, 3 times in the day to ensure representation of the visitors within the day. • Students should also consider conducting the questionnaire for a week at the same time periods.

3 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION [Turn over (c) To further support their investigation, the students also counted the number of visitors to Marina Bay Sands. They positioned themselves at several locations: at the four Bayfront Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) entrances that connect to Marina Bay Sands and the three Marina Bay Sands taxi stands on a weekday to conduct the count of visitors. They used a tally counter to count the visitors. Table 1.1 shows a tabulation of their data. Time No. of visitors at the entrances of Bayfront MRT station No. of visitors at Marina Bay Sands Shoppes taxi stands 10.00am - 11.00am 250 80 11.00am - 12.00pm 350 150 12.00pm - 1.00pm 300 180 1.00pm - 2.00pm 400 130 Table 1.1 (i) From Table 1.1, identify the period of day that has the highest number of visitors. [1] • 1pm - 2 pm (ii) Suggest how the students could present the data in Table 1.1. [3] • The students could present the data in a bar graph. • The x-axis would be the time periods while the y-axis would be the number of visitors. • There will be two bars per time period to show the count at the entrances of Bayfront MRT stations and the count at the taxi stands. / The total number of visitors should be added up to plot the total number of visitors during each time period. (iii) Evaluate the reliability of the data collected by the students in the visitor’s count. [6] Reliable • The students paired up so that they can be located at more sites to do the counting which made the data more representative of the visitors which in turn increases the reliability of the data collected. • They also selected appropriate locations such as MRT entrances and taxi stands which are linked to MBS and these locations are where visitors will alight to enter MBS hence making the data reliable. • These locations also allow the students to get the range and volume of visitors needed to collect the data. • They use a tally counter for their counting hence removing the human error of double counting which made the data collected reliable. Not reliable

4 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION • However, the students only conducted the counting on one weekday which may not be representative of visitors’ number entering MBS on other days. • They conducted the counting from 10 am to 2 pm which does not represent visitors numbers at other timings of the day. (d) As an extension of their learning, the students thought of investigating the hypothesis, ‘The ArtScience Museum is the most popular in the Marina Bay Sands area.’ with locals. They thought of using mental maps to collect data. [3] Describe how the students could use mental maps to investigate this hypothesis. • Blank papers could be given to locals to draw features in a map form such as what they know, believe and / or feel about the Marina Bay Sands area. [1 mark] Free form mental maps are representative of the visitors’ perceptions of the two places. [1 additional mark] • A base map could also be given if locals could not draw from scratch and students could ask locals to add details by labeling or annotating their perceptions of the features in the Marina Bay Sands area. • Using mental maps drawn as discussion points, semi structured interviews with open-ended questions can be conducted to find out more about the mappers’ perceptions of the area [1 mark] • Check to see if the ArtScience Museum is featured in the mental maps / how the ArtScience Museum is featured [1 mark].

5 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION [Turn over 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Study Figs. 2.1 and 2.2 which show some tourism statistics of New Zealand from 2013 to 2016. International Visitor Arrivals for 2013 - 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 Annual Percentage change (%) Oceania 1,311,872 1,359,120 1,415,588 1,514,080 3.6 4.2 6.9 Asia 528,624 575,200 681,568 814,640 8.8 18.5 19.5 Americas 264,576 285,664 307,024 348,192 8.0 7.5 13.4 Other regions 88,880 98,048 88, 624 89,472 10.3 -9.6 1.0 Total 2,611,377 2,752,257 2,947,901 3,255,463 5.4 7.1 10.4 Source: http://www.tdc.co.tt/index.php Fig. 2.1 Total Tourism Expenditure by tourists Year Total Tourism Expenditure $ (million) Annual percentage change Gross Domestic Product $ (million) International tourism as a percentage of total exports 2013 26 947 1.3 62 766 15.8 2014 28 039 4.1 67 002 15.4 2015 30 935 10.3 67 514 17.9 2016 34 699 12.2 70 144 20.7 Source: http://www.tdc.co.tt/index.php Fig. 2.2 (i) Using Fig. 2.1, describe the trend of visitor arrivals to New Zealand from 2013 to 2016. [3] • In general, visitor arrivals to NZ have increase from 2013 to 2016, from 5.4% change in 2014 to 10.4% in 2016. • The largest increase was from Asia, from 8.8% change in