SCGS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

1 [Turn over SINGAPORE CHINESE GIRLS’ SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2025 SECONDARY FOUR O-LEVEL PROGRAMME PAPER 1 (ANSWER KEY) Answer all questions. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life A group of students would like to study the ecosystem services provided by green spaces in Singapore. They decided to conduct their study in the Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park. The students wanted to test the hypothesis: ‘The higher the number of trees in the area, the lower the temperature’. The students found a map of the park online as shown in Fig. 1.1 (Insert) and identified the area X to conduct their study. (a) Using Fig. 1.1, describe how the students can use random sampling to conduct their study in area X. [3] Award 1 mark for each description of how the sampling can be conducted in area X, to a maximum of 3 marks. • The students can number each grid square/line. • Next, they can use a random number generator to select the numbers/coordinates . • These coordinates/numbers will determine the locations where the students will measure air temperatures in the park. (b) Study Fig. 1.2, which shows a scatter plot diagram of the results collected by the students. Fig. 1.2 27.5 28 28.5 29 29.5 30 30.5 31 31.5 32 32.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Average temperature (oC) Number of trees Relationship between number of trees and temperature of area

2 [Turn over (i) Draw a best fit line on the scatter plot diagram in Fig. 1.2. (ii) Using Fig. 1.2, explain whether the hypothesis has been proven. [3] Award 1 mark for each explanation whether hypothesis has been proven, to a maximum of 2 marks. • Yes, the hypothesis has been proven as the average temperature decreases as the number of trees in the area increases / there is a negative correlation between the two variables. • When there are the highest number of trees (7) in the area, the average temperature is the lowest at 28 degree celsius. While the lowest number of trees (1) in the area had an average temperature of 32 degree celsius. • However, there was an anomaly where they are 5 trees as the average temperature increased by 1 degree celsius higher as compared to where they are 4 trees . 27.5 28 28.5 29 29.5 30 30.5 31 31.5 32 32.5 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Average temperature (oC) Number of trees Correlation between number of trees and temperature of area

3 [Turn over (c) The students also wanted to study about cultural ecosystem services in Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park. They designed a questionnaire , as shown in Fig. 1.3, to survey the people visiting the park. Sample of questionnaire Survey on the usage of Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park We are a group of students studying the usage of Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park. Thank you for your time in completing this survey. 1. What is your gender? a. Male b. Female c. Prefer not to say 2. What is your age? a. Below 18 b. 18 - 24 c. 25 - 34 d. 35 - 44 e. 45 - 54 f. 55 - 64 g. 65 and above 3. What is your reason for visiting the park? a. To exercise b. To relief stress c. To admire the view d. For educational purposes 4. How often do you visit the park? a. Once in the last month b. 3 times in the last month c. 6 times in the last month d. More than 10 times in the last month 5. How do you rate the following features of the park in relation to relieving stress ? Excellent Above average Average Below average Extremely poor Fitness areas      Walking/running paths      Cycling paths      Rest areas      Fig. 1.3 (i) Identify the type of scale used for Questions 4 and 5 in Fig 1.3 respectively. [2] Award 1 mark each for stating the type of scale for Q4 and Q5. • Question 4: Frequency scale. • Question 5: Rating scale.

4 [Turn over (ii) Using Fig. 1.3, evaluate the design of the questionnaire. [6] Award 1 mark for each evaluation of the design of the questionnaire. Award a maximum of 4 marks for a one-sided answer. • Use of close-ended questions with predefined responses guides participants, making it easier for them to answer the survey. • The responses will be easier to analyse and interpret as they are in fixed categories . • The responses will be useful for quantitative data analysis to examine patterns and trends. • It is good that for question 1, a third option is presented as there are some respondents who may find it a sensitive question. • Providing age ranges instead of asking for specific age for question 2 is also appropriate as there are some respondents who find age a sensitive question. • The age ranges are also appropriately segmented to cater to the different generations and phases in life . • For question 3 and/or 4 and/or 5, the options are limiting and do not allow for other answers that the respondents may have . • Hence, the data collected may not accurately represent respondents' opinions. (d) At the end of the survey, the students requested for respondents to draw a mental map of the park so that they can analyse the respondents’ sense of place for the park. Fig. 1.4 (Insert) shows a mental map that they received from a respondent. With reference to Fig. 1.4, explain how the mental map reflects the respondent’s sense of place for Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park. [5] Award 1 mark for each explanation of the respondent’s sense of place to Bishan-Ang Mo Kio park. • The respondent may have a dog and frequent the dog run as features drawn at the centre of the map are more likely to capture one's attention, such as the dog run. • The specific name of the cafe is also not labelled which indicates that the respondent does not visit the cafe often. On the other hand, McDonald’s is clearly labelled and hence signifies familiarity. • It is also the only place coloured in, which could mean that it is a place that the respondent frequents and loves. • The river is also in blue colour as compared to the rest drawn in black, which could also mean that the river is a significant fixture in the part for the respondent. • The scale of the mental map can indicate the respondent’s perception of objects in space such as when objects are drawn larger in proportion than in reality, it could indicate that the objects are significant or of greater familiarity to respondents. • The type of symbols used in a mental map can also convey personal experiences or memory of places, such as hearts and stars which could indicate a favourite or important location . • The different perspective in which a mental map is drawn can indicate the respondent’s sense of place with the area. Street view which captures a small area with more details can indicate more familiarity versus an aerial view. • The orientation of places also indicates respondent’s sense of place. For example, a place that is important to the respondent could be depicted as being in closer proximity to their home on the map.

5 [Turn over 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Compare mass market tourism with niche travel. [4] Award 1m for each clear comparison. • Mass market tourism caters to large groups of people while niche travel caters to small groups of people. • Operators of mass market tourism arrange for trips to places with mass appeal while niche travel specialise in specific destinations/ offer tourism experiences that most travel agents do not offer. • In both forms of tourism, the tourists trust that the travel agents have good / expert knowledge of the destinations and are able to provide useful advice and recommendations . • Mass market tourism is cheaper than niche travel because the operators of the former are able to buy services in bulk. • Mass market tourism is less customisable, unlike niche travel because the needs of a large group could be varied. (b) Exp