CGS 2026 SS QP

CRESCENT GIRLS’ SCHOOL SECONDARY FOUR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 HUMANITIES (SS, GEOGRAPHY) 2260/1 HUMANITIES (SS, HISTORY) 2261/1 HUMANITIES (SS, LIT IN ENGLISH) 2262/1 19 August 2026 1 hour 45 mins READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and register number on your writing paper. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer both questions. Start each section on a fresh piece of writing paper. At the end of the examination, fasten the answers to Section A and Section B separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question. This paper consists of 8 printed pages. Class: Register No: Name:

2 Section A (Source-Based Case Study) Answer all questions. Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions , you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 Study Source A. Why did the cartoonist draw this cartoon? Explain your answer. [5] 2 Study Sources B and C. How similar are the two sources? Explain your answer. [7] 3 Study Source D and E. Having read Source D, are you surprised by Source E? Explain your answer. [7] 4 Study Source F. How useful is this source regarding government spending for the World Cup? Explain your answer. [6] 5 “Major international sporting events bring more economic opportunities than challenges for the host country.” Using sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

3 Should governments invest in hosting the FIFA Men’s World Cup? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The *FIFA Men’s World Cup is a popular global football event that is held once every four years. This year’s World C up, which began on 11 June, is co -hosted by the United States of America (USA), Canada, and Mexico. Many governments compete for the right to host the World Cup as it can bring significant economic benefits to a country. The tournament attracts millions of international visitors, increasing spending on hotels, restaurants, transport, and local attractions. This rise in tourism boosts revenue for businesses and creates employment opportunities in sectors such as construction, hospitality, retail, and event management. Despite these advantages, hosting the World Cup also presents major economic challenges. Not everyone gets opportunities to earn income . FIFA has also been accused of retaining most of the event profits, whilst leaving host cities to bear the cost of hosting. The cost of building stadiums and upgrading infrastructure can be extremely high, often placing a significant burden on public finances. This causes host countries such as Canada to cut expenditure on social services. Read the following sources to find out if governments should invest in hosting the FIFA Men’s World Cup. *FIFA – Fédération Internationale de Football Association , an international organisation governing the rules and regulations for football and footballing events Source A: A cartoon by a Canadian cartoonist, published in a Canadian Newspaper, 26 May 2026. Hosting World Cup games in Canada to cost $1.1 billion Politicians Canadian Tax Payers

4 Source B: An economic report focusing on the impact of the World Cup on host cities, published by an independent European research organisation which analyses global affairs, 30 June 2026. 80% of US hotel operators had less bookings than expected . This led to lower hotel room prices in host cities like New York City. On the other hand, in Mexico, with fewer available hotels, prices were much higher. There are similarities to t he World Cup in France in 1998: organi sers predicted 500,000 extra tourists, yet fewer visitors came than in a normal June. Due to the World Cup, non-football fans simply avoided the country due to its crowds. The overall economic impact is limited. The US GDP increase is estimated at about 0.05% – negligible relative to the headline projections. Research has showed that 12 of the last 14 World Cups produced net economic losses for host regions. Nonetheless, with Canada’s hosting costs at more than $1 billion, the event is less about boosting the economy and more about elevating the country’s global standing. Source C: An article from a football magazine, 29 June 2026. Some businesses located just minutes from the MetLife Stadium say the tournament has reduced customer numbers. The manager of one such restaurant says that despite being near one of the 2026 World Cup's biggest venues , they are losing out massively. World Cup matchdays have caused business to fall by as much as 60%. Steve's Sizzling Steaks had expected to benefit from the thousands of supporters travelling to the stadium during the tournament. Instead, manager Henry Ditonto says official traffic warnings and gridlock alerts have discouraged even regular customers from visiting. The 2026 World Cup is expected to generate billions for host cities overall, but these accounts show that the benefits are not always evenly distributed. Local businesses would have hoped football's biggest tournament would bring a surge in customers, yet traffic restrictions and public warnings appear to be having the opposite effect on businesses around the stadiums.

5 Source D: An article titled “The World Cup is Great for FIFA – And A Bad Bet for Cities”, written by Clemente Lisi, a journalist who focuses on reporting football news. He has covered four World Cups and written multiple books about them, 4 May 2026. Host cities absorb most of the costs – including security, infrastructure upgrades and logistics – while governing bodies such as FIFA capture the most lucrative revenue streams: Ticket sales, sponsorships, broadcasting rights and merchandise sales. Local organisers are often barred from those earnings, even indirectly. Cities also face restrictions on sponsorship deals – typically a major source of income for venue owners. This creates a deeply imbalanced contract. Cities take on financial risk while FIFA retains financial upside. They end up finding themselves grappling with rising costs and limited revenue sources. If history is any guide, the 2026 World Cup will likely deliver a mixed outcome for host cities: clear benefits for specific sectors like hospitality and entertainment, but potentially negative returns overall. Source E: An article titled “World Cup Drives Consumer Spending Boost In Host Cities, Report Shows”, written by Clemente Lisi, 26 June 2026. The World Cup is off to a strong economic start, generating a significant boost for host cities. New data from Bank of America reveals that consumer spending has increased because of millions of fans attending matches across North America. The data provides an early indication that one of the world’s largest sporting events is delivering on expectations of increased economic activity, with travellers spending on hotels, restaurants, transportation, entertainment and shopping before and after matches. Travellers attending World Cup matches frequently extend their stays to explore host cities, creating additional opportunities for businesses across hospitality and tourism sectors. Cities chosen to host World Cup matches have spent years