NHHS 2026 SS QP+MS

[Turn over CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE CLASS INDEX NUMBER NUMBER HUMANITIES 2260/01 Paper 1 Social Studies 2261/01 2263/01 24 August 2026 1 hour 45 minutes No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer both questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question. The total mark for this paper is 50. _________________________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page. NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2026 S 2 3 8 6 6666 6

2 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2260/01 2261/01 2263/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Answer all questions. Being Part of a Globalised World Study the Background Information and the sources carefully and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the question, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 2 3 4 5 Study Source A. What does Source A tell you about how Singapore manages deepfakes during elections? Explain your answer. [5] Study Source B. Why do you think this article was published? Explain your answer. [7] Study Sources C and D. How far does Source C agree with Source D about the impact of deepfakes on individuals? Explain your answer. [6] Study Source E. Are you surprised by the cartoon in what it suggests about the impact of deepfakes on individuals? Explain your answer. [7] ‘Deepfakes are a controllable threat.’ Using all the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

3 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2260/01 2261/01 2263/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 [Turn over How far can deepfake threats be managed in today’s digital world? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. Deepfakes are highly realistic photos, videos or audio clips that are generated or altered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). They can make it appear that a real person has said or done something that never actually happened. This is done by training AI on many images or recordings of the person, then using the system to create new, fabricated content that looks and sounds convincing. As such tools become cheaper and easier to use, deepfakes have created new problems for societies. False but believable clips can confuse voters during elections, damage trust in news, and be used to cheat people of money or to humiliate and threaten individuals. Because these images and videos spread quickly online, it can be difficult to tell what is authentic and what is fake, and to decide who should be responsible for managing them. Study the following sources to understand the challenges deepfakes create and how people respond to them. Source A: From an article published by Channel NewsAsia, 20 April 2025. Corrective directions can be issued to individuals, requiring them to take down digitally generated or manipulated content that misrepresents what General Election 2025 candidates say or do, or to social media platforms to disable access. As of Monday, no corrective directions against deepfakes misrepresenting candidates have been issued. The MDDI # said it was “closely monitoring Singapore’s online space during the General Election”. It added that there were processes to “monitor for and minimise the risk of election interference” from prohibited content, such as deepfakes, and that dedicated teams would work closely with social media services to act swiftly on such content. #The MDDI refers to the Ministry of Digital Development and Information Source B: From an article published by Press Information Bureau, Government of India, 22 Nov 2023. Deepfakes have emerged as a serious threat to democracy and social institutions across the world. The Government met major social media platforms to discuss concrete action against deepfake content. Within 10 days, actionable items on four pillars will be identified: (1) Detection – deepfake content should be detected before and after it is posted; (2) Prevention – there should be an effective mechanism to prevent the spread of deepfake content; (3) Reporting – people should be able to report suspected deepfakes easily, and their complaints should be investigated and dealt with quickly; (4) Awareness – large-scale public awareness on the issue of deepfakes.

4 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2260/01 2261/01 2263/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 Source C: From an article published in an academic journal, 20 Sep 2023. The article is titled “Perception and deception: Exploring individual responses to deepfakes across different modalities”. This study used an online survey experiment in the United States to examine how individuals respond to different types of manipulated content – content that has been altered to mislead people. Participants were randomly placed into one of three groups. Eac h group saw only one type of false content: video deepfakes, audio deepfakes, or “cheap fakes#”. The results suggest that individuals are more likely to think video deepfakes are accurate than cheap fakes. They are also more likely to share video deepfakes than cheap fakes and audio deepfakes. Individuals with higher cognitive ability* were less likely to believe or share deepfakes. The findings show that people respond differently to different types of deepfakes. #Cheap fakes are misleading videos or images made using simple editing methods, such as cutting, slowing down or taking real footage out of context, rather than using advanced AI. *Cognitive ability refers to the ability to understand, evaluate and think carefully about information. Source D: From an article published by the International Compliance Association, 15 Jun 2025. The article is titled “Deepfakes: Strengthening business resilience against the unknown”. The growing use of deepfakes means businesses must strengthen their cyber policies and procedures. Strong verification procedures are essential to prevent fraud. Sensitive transactions should use multi -factor authentication and dual authorisation. High -value transactions should only be carried out in person or through secure video verification. Businesses should invest in AI -based deepfake detection tools and strengthen cybersecurity measures to protect digital assets and critical endpoints. They are also advised to include deepfake-related fraud clauses in contracts. Before an attack happens, businesses should identify a response team, prepare statements to counter misinformation quickly, and establish clear communication channels so that their response is swift and coordinated. These risks can be minimised through tho rough employee training, sophisticated detection technologies and stronger internal policies.

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