CGS 2026 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

1 This document consists of 19 printed pages. [Turn over CRESCENT GIRLS’ SCHOOL SECONDARY FOUR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert 2279/01 25 August 2026 1 hour 45 minutes Suggested Marking Guide

2 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life Meteorologists have forecast that Singapore may experience hotter-than-usual weather conditions this year, especially because of El Niño – a weather phenomenon driven by warmer ocean temperatures that intensifies global temperatures and weather extremes. A group of Geography students wanted to investigate whether the hotter weather would affect tourists' experiences and their use of outdoor spaces at Gardens by the Bay. The students thus investigated the following hypothesis: “Hot weather negatively affects tourists' experiences at Gardens by the Bay.” To aid them in collecting data for their investigation, the students came up with a questionnaire as seen in Fig. 1.1 below. Questionnaire 1. How comfortable do you feel outdoors today? □ Very uncomfortable □ Uncomfortable □ Neutral □ Comfortable □ Very comfortable 2. How enjoyable is your visit today? □ Very unenjoyable □ Unenjoyable □ Neutral □ Enjoyable □ Very enjoyable 3. Has today's weather affected your experience at Gardens by the Bay? □ Yes □ No 4. Would you stay longer at Gardens by the Bay if the weather was cooler? □ Yes □ No Fig. 1.1 (a) (i) Evaluate the suitability of the questionnaire shown in Fig. 1.1, in investigating whether hot weather affects tourists' experience. [2] Possible responses include:

3 [Turn over Suitable • The questionnaire i n Fig. 1.1, is suitable because it allows the students to collect tourists' opinions and perceptions directly. • The short-ended nature of the questions can also allow the students to gather information from many tourists within a short period of time, making data collection efficient. • In addition, the use of closed-ended quest ions ensures that the responses can be easily compared and analysed. Not suitable • The questionnaire in Fig. 1.1 only consists of close-ended questions that hinder the students from finding out more information about the tourists’ choice of answers. AO3 (ii) To collect the data, the students stood at the main entrance of Gardens by the Bay from 10.00 am to 12.00 pm. They then freely approached tourists entering the attraction and invited them to complete the questionnaire. A total of 60 tourists participated in the survey. Identify the sampling method used by the students. [1] Possible response includes: • The students used convenience sampling. A02 (iii) Explain two advantages of this sampling method. [2] Possible responses include: • Convenience sampling can be completed with limited effort because there are no parameters that students need to observe. • It can also be completed quickly since students are not restricted in any way when choosing respondents. A01 (b) Figs. 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 [Insert] show a summary of the results collected from the questionnaire administered.

4 Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.3 Fig. 1.4 Using Figs. 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, evaluate how the results support the hypothesis that hot weather negatively affects tourists' experiences at Gardens by the Bay. [4]

5 [Turn over Possible responses include: • The results support the hypothesis as we can see from Fig 1.2 shows that 33 tourists felt uncomfortable or very uncomfortable, compared to only 17 tourists who felt comfortable or very comfortable. • Figure 1.3 also shows that 42 out of 60 tourists would stay longer if the weather was cooler, suggesting that the hot weather affected their experience. • Furthermore, Figure 1.3 shows that 25 tourists reported an unenjoyable or very unenjoyable experience, compared to 23 tourists who reported an enjoyable or very enjoyable experience. • However, the hypothesis is not supported as some tourists still report ed feeling comfortable/neutral (27 out of 60 respondents from Fig. 1.2) and enjoying their visit (23 out of 60 respondents from Fig. 1.4) despite the hot weather. A03 (c) The students also investigated how tourists used different outdoor spaces between 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm. Fig. 1.5 [Insert] shows the data that they collected, on a map of Gardens by the Bay. Fig. 1.5 Using Fig. 1.5, describe how the students could have collected the data. [3] Possible responses include:

6 • The students could identify the five locations shown in Figure 1.5 on the map and visit each location during the observation period. • At each location e.g., Flower Dome, they could count the number of tourists present at fixed time intervals, such as every five minutes, using a tally sheet. • The counts could then be recorded and added together to obtain the total number of tourists observed at each location. A02 (d) The students then measured air temperature at each location during the observation period, with Fig. 1.6 below showing a summary of their findings. Location Temperature (°C) Number of Tourists Cloud Forest 30 51 Flower Dome 31 44 Golden Gardens 32 25 Supertree Grove 34 18 Silver Gardens 35 12 Fig. 1.6 (i) Using information from Fig. 1.6, complete the graph in Fig. 1.7 to show the relationship between temperature and the number of tourists at each location. [2] Fig. 1.7 A02 (ii) Comment on the relationship between temperature and the number of tourists at each location shown in Fig. 1.7. [2] Possible responses include: • Fig. 1.7 shows a negative relationship between temperature and the number of tourists / As temperature increases, the number of tourists decreases. • For example, the Cloud Forest had the lowest temperature of 30°C and the highest number of tourists at 51, while the Silver Gardens

7 [Turn over had the highest temperature of 35°C and the lowest number of tourists at 12. A02 (e) As the concluding phase of their investigation, the students reviewed the various steps that they took for the study. Explain two improvements they could make to their study. [4] Possible responses include: • One improvement that could be made would be to increase the sample size by surveying more tourists. • This would make the results more representative of the tourists visiting Gardens by the Bay. • Another improvement would be to collect data at different times of the day and on different days of the week. • This would account for variations in tourist numbers and weather conditions, making the results more reliable. A02 [Total: 20] Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows an extract providing information about the growth of tourism in Busan, Korea. Busan's appeal among international tourists shows no sign of slowing down. In the first quarter of 2026 alone, the city welcomed more than one million overseas visitors, reaching the milestone faster than ever before. Among the growing number of visitors are travellers from Taiwan, some of whom have coined the term "Busanbyeong", or "Busan illness", to describe their strong desire to return to the coastal city after their first visit. Many tourists are drawn to Busan's unique blend of city life and natur