MGS 2026 GEOG PRELIM P1 QP

Class Index Number Name : __________________________________________ METHODIST GIRLS’ SCHOOL Founded in 1887 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 Secondary 4 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Friday 2279/01 21 August 2026 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. The Insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 11 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.

2 Answer all questions. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life A group of students carried out fieldwork at Mount Bromo National Park, Indonesia. Mount Bromo is an active volcano that attracts many tourists each year. The students were concerned that increasing tourist numbers may damage the fragile volcanic environment. The students tested the following hypothesis: 'The environmental quality of viewpoints at Mount Bromo decreases as the number of tourists increases.' Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows the tourist area around Mount Bromo. (a) The students decided to carry out a visitor survey on the environmental quality of Bromo National Park at the six viewpoints shown in Fig. 1.1. (i) With reference to Fig. 1.1, explain how the students could sample tourists at the viewpoints to collect the data needed to test their hypothesis. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….……[4] ©MGS 20262279/01/O/26

3 (ii) With reference to Fig. 1.1, state three questions and response options which the students could use for their closed-ended survey to test the hypothesis. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….……[3] (iii) Suggest how the students could improve the reliability of the fieldwork. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….……[4] ©MGS 20262279/01/O/26

4 (b) The students also assessed the environmental quality at each viewpoint using environmental characteristics shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 Environmental quality characteristics Characteristic Amount of litter Vegetation cover Evidence of soil erosion Evidence of trampling Overall environmental quality The students then counted the number of tourists who stopped at each viewpoint over a 20-minute period as shown in Table 1.2. Table 1.2 Environmental quality score and number of tourists at each viewpoint Viewpoint Environmental Quality Score Number of tourists A -5 168 B -2 136 C 4 118 D 8 28 E 1 105 F 7 46 *A higher score indicates better environmental quality. (i) Study Fig. 1.2, which shows the relationship between the environmental quality score and the number of tourists at the six viewpoints. Using Table 1.2 and Fig. 1.2, complete the graph on Fig. 1.2 and draw a best-fit line. Relationship between the environmental quality and the number of tourists ©MGS 20262279/01/O/26

5 Fig. 1.2 [3] (ii) Study Fig. 1.3 (Insert), which shows photographs of Viewpoint A and Viewpoint D. Using Figs. 1.2 and 1.3, evaluate how well the data supports the students' hypothesis. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ©MGS 20262279/01/O/26

6 ……………………………………………………………………………………….……[6] [Total: 20] ©MGS 20262279/01/O/26

7 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), which shows tourism expenditure by different groups of visitors in Kyoto, Japan in 2019. (i) Using Fig. 2.1, describe the trend in tourism expenditure in 2019. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….……[3] (ii) With reference to Fig. 2.1, explain how ability and mobility have contributed to the growth of tourism. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. ………………………………………………………………………………………….…[3] ©MGS 20262279/01/O/26

8 (b) ‘ Destinations gain more than they lose from tourism development.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... ………………………………………………………