MGS 2026 GEOG PRELIM P2 MS

METHODIST GIRLS’ SCHOOL Founded in 1887 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 Secondary 4 GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 Friday 2279/02 28 August 2026 1 hour 45 minutes ANSWER SCHEME

2 Section A Answer all questions from this section. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) Spatial patterns refer to non-random arrangements that are recognisable as shapes. Study Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 (Insert), which show circular features such as the Bukit Panjang Ring Road and Bukit Panjang LRT. Using Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, suggest how circular features such as the Bukit Panjang Ring Road and Bukit Panjang LRT benefit the residents of Bukit Panjang. [2] Award 1 mark for each benefit, to a maximum of 2 marks. Award 1 additional mark for further development of the description, where applicable. Possible responses include: ● The LRT line runs through many neighbourhoods in the town and allows residents to access any LRT station easily, promoting convenient travel [1 mark]. For example, BP10 station serves the residents living in Fajar neighbourhood [1 additional mark]. ● The Bukit Panjang Ring Road allows residents to access more major roads like Upper Bukit Timah Road and Bukit Panjang Road, which then allows them better connectivity within and out of town [1 mark]. ● The Bukit Panjang Ring Road reduces congestion on the main roads as residents can access other areas within the town via the Ring Road [1 mark]. For example, a resident living in the Senja neighbourhood can travel to the Fajar neighbourhood using the Ring Road instead of using Bukit Panjang Road [1 additional mark]. AO2

3 (b) Study Figs. 1.3 and 1.4 (Insert), which show the shop mix found in two local neighbourhoods, Yuhua Place and Toa Payoh Palm Spring. (i) Using Figs. 1.3 and 1.4, compare the shop mix in Yuhua Place and Toa Payoh Palm Spring. [2] Award 1 mark for any similarity. Award 1 mark for any difference. Possible responses include: ● Most shops in both neighbourhoods are beauty and wellness shops [1 mark]. ● There are more shops offering other services (e.g. clinics and tuition centres) in Toa Payoh Palm Spring than Yuhua Place [1 mark]. AO2

4 (ii) Suggest how the shop mix in Yuhua Place and Toa Payoh Palm Spring can affect economic and social sustainability in urban neighbourhoods. [3] Award 1 mark for each suggestion, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award 1 additional mark for further development of the description, where applicable. Possible responses include: ● A concentration of beauty and wellness shops can support economic sustainability by creating jobs and providing income for locals [1 mark]. Customers who seek these specialised services can increase business revenue and sustain local employment opportunities in the neighbourhood [1 additional mark]. ● A limited variety of shops offering essential goods and services can result in residents travelling out of the neighbourhood, thereby reducing spending within the neighbourhood [1 mark]. ● A range of services like F&B, beauty and wellness, retail as well as tuition services and clinics support residents’ quality of life by providing convenient access to personal care, wellness and dining options [1 mark]. This makes the neighbourhood more liveable and meets the lifestyle needs of residents [1 additional mark]. ● An over-concentration of beauty and wellness shop types may not cater to the needs of the residents [1 mark]. For example, these shops do not cater to the needs of families with young children as well as elderly folk [1 additional mark]. AO1 (c) Study Fig. 1.5 (Insert), which shows how waste is managed in various countries in the world. Using Fig. 1.5, compare how waste is managed in various countries in the world. [4] Award 1 mark for each comparison, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award 1 additional mark for further development of the description, where applicable.

5 Possible responses include: ● Majority of waste is left in open dumps in India, Cambodia and Bangladesh [1 mark]. Almost more than half is left in open dumps in each country [1 additional mark]. ● The second most common way of managing waste is via open burning in India, Cambodia and Bangladesh [1 mark]. This ranges from 24-50% [1 additional mark]. ● Waste is never managed in open dumps and via open burning in Switzerland, Norway and Luxembourg [1 mark]. ● Instead, most of their waste is incinerated [1 mark]. ● Other way of managing waste in Switzerland, Norway and Luxembourg incudes composting and recycling [1 mark]. A fraction is left in landfills [1 additional mark]. AO2 (d) Study Fig. 1.6 (Insert), a photograph of an active ageing centre in Singapore. With reference to Fig. 1.6, suggest how active ageing centres can build sustainable urban neighbourhoods. [4] Award 1 mark for each suggestion, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award 1 additional mark for further development of the description, where applicable. Possible responses include: ● AACs are communal or shared spaces where residents can interact with one another [1 mark]. This allows residents to strengthen social bonds and promotes mutual support and cooperation among neighbours in times of need [1 additional mark]. Stronger bonds can reduce social isolation and build a stronger sense of community in the neighbourhood [1 additional mark]. ● Activities bring people from different ages and backgrounds together, strengthening social cohesion [1 mark]. ● Community activities at AACs encourage seniors to remain physically, mentally, and socially active, improving their quality of life and allowing them to age well within their own communities [1 mark]. This contributes to a more inclusive and liveable neighbourhood that caters to the needs of an ageing population [1 additional mark]. ● Active and independent seniors may also continue contributing to the local economy through employment, volunteering, or participation in community initiatives, supporting the resilience of the neighbourhood [1 mark]. AO1 [Total: 15]

6 2 Cluster 4: Tectonics (a) Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), which shows the distribution of earthquakes and active volcanoes around the world. (i) With reference to Fig. 2.1, describe the distribution of earthquakes and active volcanoes around the world. [5] Award 1 mark for each description of distribution of earthquakes and active volcanoes, to a maximum of 5 marks. Award 1 additional mark for further development of the description, where applicable. Possible responses include: Both earthquakes and active volcanoes can be found: ● Around the Pacific Ring of Fire [1 mark]. The ring of fire extends from New Zealand to the Philippines, Japan and across the Aleutian arc, and down the west coast of North and South America [1 additional mark]. ● Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge [1 mark]