NHHS 2026 GEOG PRELIM P2 MS

[Turn over CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE CLASS INDEX NUMBER NUMBER GEOGRAPHY 2279/02 Paper 2 28 August 2026 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional materials: Insert Answer Scheme This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. S 2 3 8 6 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL Preliminary Examination

2 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/02 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) AO 1 Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows a media representation of Yishun Housing Estate. With reference to Fig.1.1, explain how media representations can affect an individual’s sense of place. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation of how media representation can affect sense of place. • Different emotions expressed in the media might enhance or contradict our sense of place. • Our sense of place shapes our identity, hence, an individual will respond well to representation that agree with how he/she feels about places in the neighbourhood. • From Fig. 1.1, the portrayal of Yishun as weird or wow and to be investigated could add new layers of meanings to Yishun and through the information revealed, it could enhance a resident’s sense of place. • An individual could also respond defensively to media content that challenges our sense of place, causing us to dismiss these media content, perceiving them as distortions or untruths. (b) AO 2 Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), which shows 2025 Master Plan for Singapore to sustain a thriving economy. Using Fig. 1.2, explain how long-term planning helps to create connections and synergies across neighbourhoods and towns for economic sustainability. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation of how long -term planning creates connections / synergies. Award a maximum of 2 marks with no use of Fig. 1.2 • The different regional centres such as Tampines Regional Centre, Our Downtown, Woodlands Regional Centre, and Jurong Lake District help to decentralise the economic activities. This prevents overcrowding and creates synergy with the nearby towns for employment. • Travel from various locations towards the regional centres is convenient as shown by the many different transport lines . This shows that the trains have created connectivity that can allow workers from anywhere in the country to easily travel to their workplaces. • The different regional centres are also located together with integrated transport hubs or near to integrated transport hubs which can allow workers to travel easily to their places of employment. The integrated transport hubs can allow for easy change in mode of transport. For example, Jurong Lake District has an integrated transport hub together with its regional centre. • From Fig. 1.2, there are different centres that tap on possible linkages to the surrounding areas to create connections for work. For example, Woodlands regional centre taps on the link to Malaysia via the JB SG RTS / Woodlands

3 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/02 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION [Turn over checkpoint. This can enable workers to connect easily between Singapore and Malaysia for work. (c) AO2 Study Table 1 below, which shows the causes of residential fires in Singapore from 2022 to 2025. Causes of residential fires from 2022 to 2025 Cause of residential fires 2022 2023 2024 2025 Unattended cooking 367 384 335 318 Electrical origin 240 276 299 304 Fires involving Active Mobility Devices (AMDs) 58 76 67 49 Total residential fires 911 1,005 968 1,051 Table 1 Using Table 1, compare the trend of causes of residential fires from 2022 to 2025. [3] Award 1 mark for each comparison of causes of fires with data. As question is on causes of residential fires, comparison of total is not accepted. • Unattended cooking as a cause has decreased over the years from 367 cases to 318 cases which is similar to fires involving AMDs which has also fallen from 58 cases to 49 cases. • Both unattended cooking and fires involving AMDs had cases increasing from 2022 to 2023 first before falling in 2024 and 2025. • Compared to the other two ca uses, fires caused by electrical origin has increased over the years. It has increased steadily from 240 cases to 304 cases. (d) Explain how supporting ecosystem services support the functions of all other ecosystem services. [4] AO1 Award 1 mark for each explanation of how supporting ecosystem service support the functions of all other ecosystem services. • Supporting ecosystem services refer to services that are necessary for the functioning of all other ecosystem services, including soil formation, pollination and photosynthesis. Soil formation is when micro-organisms and physical processes decompose organic matter and break them down into smaller particles. Soil is essential for the health of all terrestrial ecosystems as it provides a habitat for billions of organisms, contributes to biodiversity, and

4 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/02 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION acts as a water filter. [provisioning ecosystem service, regulating ecosystem services] • Soil formation ensures that human activities such as agriculture can take place which can produce food for humans. [provisioning ecosystem services] • Animals like wild bees can play a significant role in crop pollination which ensures that crops are able to reproduce to provide food for animals and humans. [provisioning ecosystem services] • During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which maintains the oxygen content of the Earth’s atmosphere. This ensures that all other ecosystem services can function. [provisioning ecosystem services, regulating ecosystem services] [Total: 15]

5 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/02 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION [Turn over 2. Cluster 4: Tectonics (a) AO1 Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), which shows a divergent plate boundary. Using Fig. 2.1, explain the formation of landforms at this divergent plate boundary. [3] Award 1 mark for each explanation of the formation of landforms. • The Nubian Plate pulls apart from the Somalian Plate / Two continental plates move apart. • Rocks eventually fracture to form parallel faults. The rocks between these faults collapse to form a deep rift valley with steep sides, known as East African Rift Valley. • As the plates move apart, the decrease in overlying pressure causes parts of the underlying mantle to melt, forming magma. Magma rises through weak areas in the crust to the Earth’s surface, forming volcanoes. (b) AO2 Study Table 2, which shows information of three volcanoes and their eruptions. Information about three volcanoes and their eruptions Name of Volcano & Year of Eruption VEI Fatalities Estimated Economic Damage Exposure to Human Settlements Presence of Lahars Distribution of Tephra Nevado del Ruiz (1985) Colombia 3 25,000 US$1 billion Very high. Armero (a town) was in the path of lahars. Huge volumes of lahars from melted summit glaciers Moderate ashfall mainly near the volcano. Eyjafjallajökull (2010) Iceland 4 0 US$5 billion globally (mainly aviation losses) Low. Major exposure to international aviation. Small local lahars from glacial meltwater. Fine ash dispersed across northern Europe, disrupting air travel. Merapi (2010) Indonesia 4 353 US$600 million Very high. Villages located on fertile volcanic slopes. Frequent lahars during rainy season after eruption. Ashfall affected much of Central Java. Table 2

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