NHHS 2026 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

[Turn over CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE CLASS INDEX NUMBER NUMBER GEOGRAPHY 2279/01 Paper 1 26 August 2026 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional materials: Insert READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class, and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue, or correction fluid/tape. Answer all questions. The insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total mark for this paper is 50. This document consists of 12 printed pages. S 2 3 8 6 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL MARK SCHEME Preliminary Examination 2026

2 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Answer all questions. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life Cameron Highlands is a popular tourist location in Malaysia known for its cool climate, scenic tea plantations and hiking trails, attracting both local and international tourists all year-round. A group of students wanted to investigate the profile of tourists that visit this place. They decided to design a close -ended questionnaire to test the hypothesis: ‘Younger tourists are more likely to choose longer and more physically demanding trails than older tourists.’ (a) To collect the data to test their hypothesis , the students decided to choose 3 trails out of 15 trails to collect their data . Fig. 1.1 (Insert) shows the map of Cameron Highlands where the students conducted their investigation. Table 1.1. shows some information on each trail. Trail Distance of Trail Information on Trail Estimated Time Taken to Hike 1 3.2 km This trail is a scenic walk uphill and is relatively easy to hike. 1.5 hours 2 5.4 km This trail moderately challenging at some part of the trails with steep slope. 2.5 hours 3 8.5 km This trail is challenging as the route is unmarked and best to hike with a guide. 4.5 hours Table 1.1 (i) Using Table 1.1, explain why the selection of the three trails are suitable data collection sites. [3] Award 1 mark for each explanation of why the selection of the three trails are suitable data collection sites. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. • The three trails are suitable because they provide different distance. Trail 1 is short at 3.2 km, Trail 2 is longer at 5.4 km and Trail 3 is the longest at 8.5 km. • The trails are also suitable as they provide different levels of challenges. Trail 1 is relatively easy, Trail 2 is moderately challenging and Trail 3 is most challenging. • This provides a range of trail characteristics, allowing the students to investigate whether age is related to tourists' choice of trail length and difficulty. The trails represent increasing distance and difficulty, allowing for comparison between younger and older tourists for the data collected.

3 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION [Turn over (ii) With reference to Fig. 1.1 (Insert) and Table 1.1, explain how the students could sample visitors to collect the data needed to test their hypothesis. [5] Award 1 mark for each explanation of how students could sample visitors to collect data needed to test their hypothesis, to a maximum of 5 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: • Students could divide themselves and stand/situate themselves at all 3 trails as the trails have different distances and levels of physical difficulty, allowing them to collect data from visitors who have chosen trails of different lengths and difficulty levels [1 mark]. • This is suitable as it allows the students to compare the age profile of visitors across the three trails and determine whether younger visitors are more likely to choose longer and more demanding trails [1 additional mark]. • Students could use stratified sampling, based on different age groups, treating the 3 trails as three strata, to ensure that visitors from all three trails are represented in the sample [1 mark]. Or use random sampling. • For example, students could randomly select 10 visitors from each trail, giving a total sample of 30 visitors, so that the results from the three trails can be compared [1 additional mark]. • Students should collect data at similar times of the day on both weekdays and weekends to ensure that the sample represents visitors at on different days, reducing the influence of variations in visitor profiles [1 mark] (iii) Suggest two questions with pre-defined response options which the students could use for their closed-ended questionnaire to test their hypothesis. [3] Award 1 mark for stating each pair of question and response options, to a maximum of 3 marks. Accept at least 3 reasonable response option(s) for each questions to collect data relevant to hypothesis, for examples: 1. Which of the following best describes your age group?  15 years and below  16–25 years  26–35 years  36–45 years  46–55 years  56 years and above 2. What was the main factor influencing your choice of this hiking trail?  Short distance / shorter hiking time  Moderate distance / hiking time  Long distance / longer hiking time  Low level of physical difficulty  Moderate level of physical difficulty  High level of physical difficulty

4 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION  Scenic views / attractions  Recommendation from others 3. Which level of physical challenge would you prefer when choosing a hiking trail?  Very easy – short and gentle trail  Easy – relatively short with few steep sections  Moderate – longer with some steep sections  Challenging – long with steep sections  Very challenging – long, steep and physically demanding 4. What is the longest trail you would be willing to hike?  Less than 3 km  3–5 km  5–7 km  7–9 km  More than 9 km (b) As an extension of their investigation, students wanted to investigate another activity that is popular among tourists in Cameron Highlands and the impact of this activity on the environment. They wanted to focus on the impact of pollution by tourists. They decided to count the amount of litter within 200 meters around each of the four teahouses shown in Fig. 1.1 (Insert). They also counted the number of tourists in each teahouse as they go from Teahouse 1 to 4 on the day of investigation, starting at 9am in Teahouse 1 and ending at 3pm in Teahouse 4. Table 1.2 shows the data they have collected, and the data was represented in a scatter graph shown in Fig. 1.2. Table 1.2 Information on number of tourists and amount of litter recorded by students Teahouses Number of Tourists Amount of Litter 1 Habu Teahouse 30 25 2 Cameron Valley Teahouse 90 65 3 Bharat Tea Estate/ Teahouse 50 40 4 Sungai Palas BOH Teahouse 120 95

5 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL 2279/01 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION [Turn over Scattered Graph of Number of Tourists and Amount of Litter Fig. 1.2 (i) Complete the graph on Fig. 1.2 by labelling the axes and plotting the data for Teahouse 2. [2] Award 1 mark for correct labelling the axes Award 1 mark for correct plotting of data for Teahouse 2. (ii) Using Table. 1.2 and Fig. 1.2, suggest a hypothesis that the students may be testing. [1] A