H1 Lipids slides

BIOMOLECULES LIPIDS

Learning Outcomes 1(e)(ii) Describe the structure and properties of glycerol and fatty acids (in lipids). 1(f)(ii) Describe the formation and breakage of an ester bond. 1(g)Describe the structures and properties of triglyceride and phospholipid and explain how these are related to their roles in living organisms. Pg 86

• made up mainly of C, H and O • may contain others such as phosphorus • proportion of oxygen much lower compared to hydrogen (e.g. C57H110O6) • Lipid is a general term that includes: • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Glycolipids • Steroids and sterols • Waxes Introduction: Lipids e.g. phospholipid Pg 86

•Insoluble in water, i.e. lipids are hydrophobic •Soluble in organic solvents •Less dense than water General Properties of Lipids e.g. of organic solvents:  Ethanol  Ether  Trichloromethane (chloroform) Pg 86

Pg 87

Pg 87

Basis of test: • Lipids are immiscible in water. • Adding water to a solution of the lipid in alcohol results in the emulsion of tiny droplets in the water which reflect light and give a white, opalescent appearance. Pg 87

Fatty acids Glycerol Triglycerides have 2 components Pg 88

Learning Outcomes 1(e)(ii) Describe the structure and properties of glycerol and fatty acids (in lipids). 1(f)(ii) Describe the formation and breakage of an ester bond. 1(g)Describe the structures and properties of triglyceride and phospholipid and explain how these are related to their roles in living organisms.

Fatty acids Glycerol Triglycerides have 2 components Pg 88