H1 Carbohydrates slides

INTRODUCTION Biological molecules

Introduction •4 main classes of biological molecules: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Macromolecules Pg 66 Biomolecules made up of C, H, O and sometimes S and P DNA and RNA Large molecules made up of smaller molecules

Introduction Pg 66 Macromolecules long molecules made up of many repeating monomers which can be similar or identical Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids Lipids

Introduction Pg 67 long molecules made up of many repeating monomers which can be similar or identical monomer monomer monomer monomer monomer monomer monomer Monomers linked by covalent bonds

Covalent bond •Sharing of electron pairs by 2 atoms Covalent bond Chemical Bonds / Interactions Pg 67

Other important bonds / interactions required for subsequent topics •HYDROGEN BOND •IONIC BOND •HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS Pg 67

Hydrogen bond • Attraction between the hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom with another electronegative atom H bond Chemical Bonds / Interactions Electronegativity: tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself Pg 67

Hydrogen bond Pg 67

• Attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ionic bond Chemical Bonds / Interactions Pg 67

• Attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ionic bond Chemical Bonds / Interactions Pg 67