2016_FRQ_by_topics_Application_topics_QNS

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE H2 Biology Free Response Questions Application Syllabus 1 J2/2016 Free Response Questions – Application Syllabus Isolating, Cloning and Sequencing DNA 1. Describe the natural function of restriction enzymes and its role in formation of recombinant DNA molecule. [8] 2. [N2014/P3/Q5] Describe and explain the properties of plasmids that allow them to be used as DNA cloning vectors. [7] 3. [N2009/P3/Q4] Distinguish between a genomic DNA and cDNA library. [6] 4. [N2014/P3/Q5] Eukaryotic genes cannot be expressed directly in the bacterial plasmid because of differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including the presence of introns. Outline these problems and explain how they are overcome in order to allow expression of eukaryotic genes in plasmids within E.coli cells. [7] 5. [N2013/P3/Q5] Therapeutic genes can be introduced into stem cells. Discuss why the genes used are more likely to be obtained from a cDNA library, than a genomic DNA library. [7] 6. [N2014/P3/Q5] A eukaryotic gene is isolated with blunt ends. Outline the procedures for cloning this gene in a bacterial plasmid. [6] 7. [N2009/P3/Q4] Outline the large-scale production of a named important protein by genetic engineering. [8] 8. Describe the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and explain the advantages and limitations of this procedure. [8] 9. [N2011/3/Q5] Explain how gel electrophoresis is able to separate fragments of DNA [6] Explain how gel electrophoresis is used to analyse nucleic acids and proteins and to distinguish between two alleles of a gene. [8] 10. Outline the process of nucleic acid hybridisation and explain how it can be used to detect and analyse restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). [8] [N2011/3/Q5] Explain what is meant by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and how it can be detected. [6] 11. Describe how restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis can be carried out. [15] 12. Explain how RFLP analysis facilitated the process of (i) genomic mapping, [6] (ii) diseases detection, [4] (iii) DNA fingerprinting [4] Instructions to students: ➢ Revise the relevant section/s of your lecture notes, tutorials, tests and exams after looking at each question. ➢ Memorize these relevant section/s before writing your answers. If you forget any point while writing, revise again and re-write the entire answer. Do not cheat by just looking at the notes and adding on the points to your answer – you are merely cheating your own learning! ➢ The marks allocated for each question is a rough gauge of how many points there should be in your answer – they are not the absolute number of points. Thus, if you have more points than the marks allocated, write everything down. Highlight / underline all the key words and phrases in your answers. This set of answers can serve as your revision notes in future, if it is well done. ➢ Pace your learning. Attempt 10 questions a day, everyday and