2016_H2_Application_of_Molecular_and_Cell_Biology_Notes_dot

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE H2 Biology Applications of Molecular and Cell Biology J2/2016 1 TOPIC P: APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY Learning Outcomes Application Topic 9: Application of Molecular and Cell Biology Candidates should be able to (a) Describe the unique features of zygotic stem cells, embryonic stem cells and blood stem cells; correctly using the terms:  Totipotency Zygotic stem cells which have ability to differentiate into any cell type to form whole organisms and so are also pluripotent and multipotent.  Pluripotency Embryonic stem cells which have ability to differentiat e into almost any cell type to form any organ or type of cell and so are not totipotent but are multipotent.  Multipotency Blood stem cells which have ability to differentiate into a limited range of cell type and so are not pluripotent or totipotent. (b) Explain the normal functions of stem cells in a living organism (e.g. embryonic stem cells and blood stem cells). (c) Describe:  two types of genetic diseases e.g. SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) and cystic fibrosis;  the treatment of SCID and cystic fibrosis, using viral and non-viral gene delivery systems respectively. (Details of manipulation of genes and formation of vectors carrying genes are not required.) (d) Explain the factors that keep gene therapy from becoming an effective treatment for genetic diseases. (e) Discuss the social and ethical considerations for the use of gene therapy. (f) Discuss cloning in plants in terms of plant tissue culture techniques (Gene cloning in plants using Agrobacterium spp. and gene gun are not required.) (g) Explain the significance of genetic engineering in improving the quality and yield of crop plants and animals in solving t he demand for food in the world (e.g. Bt corn, golden rice, GM salmon). (h) Discuss the ethical and social implications of genetically modified crop plants and anima ls (e.g. Bt corn, golden rice, GM salmon). Use the knowledge gained in this section in new situations or to solve related problems.

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE H2 Biology Applications of Molecular and Cell Biology J2/2016 2 References 1. Campbell N. A. and Reece J.B. (2005). Biology. Chapter 20: DNA Technology and Genomics. Seventh Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Snustad D. P., Simmons M. J., Jenkins J. B. (1997). Principles of Genetics. Chapter 20: Molecular Analysis of Genes and Gene Products. First Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 3. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture 3rd Edition. (2008). Vol. 1. M. A. H. Edwin F. George, Geert-Jan De Klerk (Ed.) Volume 1. The Background 4. Websites related to cloning in plants, its significance, and social and ethical issues: (a) http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/bio/tissue.htm (b) http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer2001/7.shtml (c) http://bioethicsweb.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D030841.html (d) http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/6176