BACTERIA

1 EJC H2 Biology T1W2 Bacteria Bacteria 1. Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: 1d Describe the structure of a typical bacterial cell (small and unicellular, peptidoglycan cell wall, circular DNA, 70S ribosomes and lack of membrane-bound organelles). (Covered in JC1 Cell Biology) 2d Describe the structure and organisation of prokaryotic genome (including DNA, double-stranded, number of nucleotides, packing of DNA, circularity and absence of introns). (Covered in JC1 Cell Biology) 2g Outline the mechanism of asexual reproduction by binary fission in a typical prokaryote and describe how transformation, transduction and conjugation (including the role of F plasmids but not Hfr) give rise to variation in prokaryotic genomes. 2i Explain how gene expression in prokaryotes can be regulated, through the concept of simple operons (including lac and trp operons), in cluding the role of regulatory genes; and distinguish between inducible and repressible systems. (Attenuation of trp operon is not required). Use the knowledge gained in this section in new situations or to solve related problems. 2. References Campbell and Reece, BIOLOGY, 9th Ed. Brooker, Widmaier, Graham and Stiling, BIOLOGY Green, Stout and Taylor, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol 1 and 2, 3rd Ed. Soloman, Berg and Martin BIOLOGY 7th Ed. Tortora, Funke and Case, MICROBIOLOGY, 6th Ed. Alberts, Bray, Lewis, Raff, Roberts and Watson, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, 3rd Ed. Raven, Johnson, Losos, Mason and Singer, McGraw-Hill, Biology, 8th Edition

2 EJC H2 Biology T1W2 Bacteria 3. Contents 1. Learning Outcomes ................................................................................................... 1 2. References ................................................................................................................. 1 3. Contents .................................................................................................................... 2 4. Bacterial Cells ............................................................................................................ 3 A. Morphology......................................................................................................... 3 B. General Bacterial Structure ………………………………………………………………………..….4 5. Binary Fission ........................................................................................................... 12 6. Ways to generate genetic variation in bacterial genomes by DNA introduction .... 13 A. Transformation …………………………………………………………………………………………….14 B. Transduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………..15 C. Conjugation ………………………………………………………………………………………………….18 7. Gene Regulation in Bacteria .................................................................................... 22 8. The lac Operon in E. coli ...................................