2020 MI H2 History PU3 Paper 1 EOY FINAL

Class Adm No Candidate Name: This question paper consists of 6 printed pages. [Turn over 2020 Preliminary Exams Pre-university 3 H2 HISTORY 9752/01 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 31 August 2020 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Leave two lines in between your answers for each question or begin each question on a new page. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer TWO questions. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. 1. Read the sources, and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the Sources both individually and as a group. American Involvement in the Vietnam War Source A The United States has no designs whatever on the resources or territory of the area. Our national interests do not require that South Vietnam serve as a Western base or as a member of a Western alliance. South Vietnam, a member of the free world family, is striving to preserve its independence from communist attack. The Vietnamese have asked our help. We have given it. We shall continue to give it. "The ultimate goal of the United States in Southeast Asia, as in the rest of the world, is to help maintain free and independent nations which can develop politically, eco nomically, and socially and which can be responsible members of the world community. In this region and elsewhere many peoples share our sense of the value of such freedom and independence. They have taken the risks and made the sacrifices linked to the co mmitment to membership in the family of the free world. They have done this in the belief that we would back up our pledges to help defend them. It is not right or even expedient --nor is it in our nature --to abandon them when the going is difficult. Speech by Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense, 26 March 1964, Department of State Bulletin, April 1964. Source B From the spring of 1955 on, the United States gave South Vietnam unstinting help in the international arena, and over the decade of Diem's power supplied more than $2 billion in military and economic assistance. However dependent his regime was upon the United States, Diem never became an American puppet. In the early years following Geneva, Washington's view was that South Vietnam's war with the Communists was over; the main task now was to rebuild the south and to develop viable political, economic, and social institutions. In the unlikely event of another conflict, it would probably take the form of an outright invasion from North Vietnam cross the 17th parallel. Diem and his colleagues, on the other hand, argued that the struggle against the Communists was far from over. They were convinced that the conflict would ultimately be resumed, and that it would take the form primarily of guerrill a warfare rather than open invasion from the north. Hence South Vietnam required not only a conventional army to deal with the threat of invasion, but also large security forces to cope with guerrilla warfare on the countryside. Excerpt from an academic article on Ngo Dinh Diem’s foreign policy,1966.

3 Source C By an American editorial cartoonist best known for commentary on domestic and international policy, 1965.

4 Source D Why are we in South Vietnam? We are there because we have a promise to keep. Since 1954 every American President has offered support to the people of South Vietnam. We have helped to build, and we have helped to defend. Thus, over many years, we have made a national pledge to help South Vietnam defend its independence. And I intend to keep that promise. To dishonor that pledge, to abandon this small and brave nation to its enemies, and to the terror that must follow, would be an unforgivable wrong. We are also there to strengthen world order. Around the globe, from Berlin to Thailand, are people whose well-being rests, in part, on the belief that they can count on us if they are attacked. To leave Vietnam to its fate would shake the confidence of all these people in the value of an American commitment and in the value of America’s word. The result would be increased unrest and instability, and even wider war. We are also there because there are great stakes in the balance. Let no one think for a moment that retreat from Vietnam would bring an end to conflict. The battle would be renewed in one country and then another. The central lesson of our time is that the appetite of aggression is never satisfied. From a speech given by American President Lyndon Johnson at John Hopkins University, 1965. Source E In North Vietnam, thousands of U.S. aircraft have dropped hundreds of thousands of tons of bombs, destroying towns, villages, factories, schools. In your message, you apparently deplore the sufferings and destruction in Vietnam. May I ask you: Who has perpetrated these monstrous crimes? It is the United States and satellite troops. The U.S. government is entirely responsible for the extremely serious situation in Vietnam. The U.S. government has unleashed the war of aggression in Vietnam. It must cease thi s aggression. This is the only way to restoration of peace. The U.S. government must stop definitely and unconditionally its bombing raids and all other acts of war against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, withdraw from South Vietnam all U.S. and satellite troops, recognize the South Vietnam National Front for Liberation, and let the Vietnamese people settle themselves their own affairs. Such is the basis of the five-point stand of the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which embodies the essential principles and provision of the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Vietnam; it is the basis of a correct political solution to the Vietnam problem. From a letter by a former Ho Chi Minh to U.S. President Johnson, published in 1967. Source F On 25 March 1965, China’s People's Daily editorial stated: The people of the socialist countries and peace -loving peoples of the world have the unshirkable duty to give all -out support and assistance to the s outh Vietnamese people in their heroic fight. At this critical moment the people of the whole world should swing into action and resolutely stand on the side of the south Vietnamese people to wage a joint struggle to drive the U.S. aggressors out of south Viet Nam and the rest of Indo -China. By April the Chinese stridently raised the call for world sup port in an editorial entitled " People of the world, act now and force the U.S. aggressors to get out of Viet Nam." The editor ial admonished the "people of the world," declaring that it was their "common and sacred duty" promptly to "launch a powerful mass movement" in order to drive the United States out of Vietnam and thereby fully support "the just struggle of the Vietnamese people." An extract from article by an American academic, 8 February 1967.

5 Now answer the following questions: a) Compare and contrast the evidence in Sources D and E on the reasons for US presence in South Vietnam. [10 marks] b) How far do Sources A to F support the view that American involvement in the Vietnam War was motivated by the fear of the expansion of communism to Asia? [30 marks]

6 Section B You must answer two questions from this section. EITHER 2 ‘The same factors that contributed to