SS Prelim 2021 - CHIJ St Josephs Convent

Index Number Class Name CHIJ ST JOSEPH’S CONVENT PRELIMINATION EXAMINATION O. HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies Secondary 4 Express/ 5 Normal Academic O. 2272/01, 2273/01 Wednesday, 25 August 2021 1 hour 45 minutes FOR EXAMINER’S USE SECTION A 35 SECTION B 15 TOTAL 50 This document consists of 8 printed pages including 1 blank page. wendytb96

2 CHIJ SJC/Sec 4E5NA Preliminary Examination (2021) Blank Page wendytb96

3 CHIJ SJC/Sec 4E5NA Preliminary Examination (2021) SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Answer all questions. Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 Study Source A. What is the cartoonist’s attitude about the problem of climate change? Explain your answer. [5] 2 Study Source B. Why was the photograph put up on the website? Explain your answer. [6] 3 Study Sources C and D. How far would these sources agree about the responses needed to tackle climate change? Explain your answer. [7] 4 Study Sources E and F. Having read Source E, are you surprised by Source F? Explain your answer. [7] 5 ‘Governments should be responsible for managing the climate change crisis.’ Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10] wendytb96

4 CHIJ SJC/Sec 4E5NA Preliminary Examination (2021) Who should be responsible for tackling climate change? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Climate change refers to the long -term shift in average global weather patterns. Global warming, a rise in the average global temperature, is one measure of climate change. Over the past 100 years, global temperatures have been increasing faster than ever before mainly due to human activities. Experts warn that even small increases in global average temperatures can lead to severe impacts such as rising sea levels that can result in catastrophic flooding. People around the world are making concerted efforts to be more environmentally conscious such as reducing the use of plastic, reusing materials to slow down the production of materials churned out by factories and recycling goods to prevent wastage. Many have pressed their governments to tackle climate change. Some believe that it is the responsibility of the government to tackle climate change since it is in the best position to make large - scale decisions. In Singapore, at the 2019 National Day Rally, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong spoke on the need to understand, mitigate, and adapt to climate change and shared the government’s plan to do so. Despite this pledge by the government, many climate activists feel that Singapore’s mitigation efforts against climate change are inadequate. Study the following sources to assess who should be responsible for tackling climate change. Source A: A cartoon published in Singapore in 2019. The man in the cartoon represents world leaders. wendytb96

5 CHIJ SJC/Sec 4E5NA Preliminary Examination (2021) Source B: A photograph put up on the website of the Singapore Climate Rally, an NGO in Singapore. It shows participants staging a die -in* during Singapore’s first climate rally in Hong Lim Park on 21 September 2019. One of the signs in the background reads ‘Postcard to my MP’. ⃰ Die-in refers to a demonstration in which people lie down as if they are dead. wendytb96

6 CHIJ SJC/Sec 4E5NA Preliminary Examination (2021) Source C: Adapted from a speech made by an 11 -year-old climate activist, at the Singapore Climate Rally, 21 September 2019. In the last two years, one of the things that has gotten my attention is issues relating to the environment. I’m more alert and sensitive towards media and conversations about single-use plastics, water, and climate change. I feel that the government needs to do more. They can introduce compulsory subjects into our school curriculum where children are taught about their relationship to the environment, and how their responsible efforts will have an impact. In turn, their actions will influence their parents , and their children in the future as well. Such an initiative will be a sustainable, multi -generation approach towards fighting climate change as a nation. Source D: Adapted from an extract of a Facebook post made by Member of Parliament Louis Ng, 19 October 2019, in response to the call for action by youths at the Singapore Climate Rally. Like you, we are concerned about climate change and we understand the importance of mitigation measures to tackle climate change. Hence, at the community level, environmentally friendly efforts by my fellow MPs are focused on different areas to address climate change. These include raising awareness through education and hands- wendytb96

7 CHIJ SJC/Sec 4E5NA Preliminary Examination (2021) on action, reducing use of single-use items, promoting a green environment and also very importantly minimising carbon emissions. Thank you for speaking up for the generations ahead of you. My fellow MPs and I have always believed that speaking up is a good start and it starts with each of us as individuals. Our efforts at the community level is a good start but I believe that as activists of a cause, we should always take the first step and be prepared to be part of the solution. When this happen, the solution to climate change will be a sustainable one. Source E: Extract taken from an online article published by a non-government ‘think tank’* which advises on global issues. What can be done to limit global warming? Take public transport instead of the car or, for longer journeys, the train rather than fly. Eat less meat and more vegetables, pulses and grains, and don’t forget to turn off the light when leaving a room or the w ater when shampooing. The implication here is that the urgency for addressing climate change is on individual consumers. By changing consumption patterns on a large scale we might be able to influence companies to change their production patterns to more s ustainable methods. Some experts have argued that everyone (or at least those who can afford it) has a responsibility to limit global warming, even if each individual action is insufficient in itself to make a difference. *Think tank refers to a body of experts providing advice and ideas on global issues. Source F: From the website of TRAID, a charity in the United Kingdom, which specialises in turning clothes waste into funds and resources to reduce the environmental and social impacts. wendytb96

8 CHIJ SJC/Sec 4E5NA Preliminary Examination (2021) Worth over a trillion dollars, the global apparel industry is one of the less obvious but major contributors to climate change. In a recent survey conducted, it was found that while as many as 60 per cent of consumers are aware of fashion’s impact on the environment, most do not do anything to change the way they shop for clothes. 7 in 10 of them buy new clothes at least once every six months . The main barriers to changing consumption behaviour were identified as cost (35 per cent), apathy (25 per cent) and a lack of variety and style (18 per cent). Fashion brands can shape consumer behaviour by adopting a more sustainable approach of producin g items that are stylish and cost - effective. There is one consolation though: 70 per cent of the 1,060 consumers surveyed said they were open to recycling, swapping or upcycling the