ADSS SS 2021

This document consists of 6 printed pages.Setter: Mr. Yong Eng Kiat O ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOLPreliminary Examination 2021Secondary Four Express / Secondary Five Normal Academic CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS:/ INDEX NUMBER:HUMANITIESPaper 1 Social Studies2272/01, 2273/012274/1, 2288/123 August 20211 hour 45 minutes0800 - 0945hAdditional Materials: Writing paperREAD THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tape.Answer all the questions.Write your answers on the writing paper provided.At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.For examiner’s use only:Section A/ 35 mSection B/ 15 mTotal/ 50 marks

2 Prelim 4E5N Hum: SS 2021 (2272, 2273, 2274, 2288) /1 Section A (Source-based Case Study)Answer all questions.Living in a Diverse SocietyStudy the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions.You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.1Study Source A.Why do you think this cartoon was published? Explain your answer. [5] 2 Study Sources B and C.How far would the author of Source B agree with the table in Source C? Explain your answer. [6] 3Study Source D.How useful is this source about the response of the media industry over hate speech? Explain your answer. [7] 4Study Sources E and F.Does Source E make Source F surprising? Explain your answer. [7] 5‘Hate speech should be managed by the government.’Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]What impact do hate speech has on diverse societies?BACKGROUND INFORMATIONRead this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. In diverse societies, there are many opportunities for people of different backgrounds to interact and communicate. Hate speech is a public speech that expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or group based on something such as race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. In recent years, there has been an increase in the amount of hate speech among countries. In some countries, this has also led to conflicts and attacks on minorities. Some governments have called for tougher laws to control hate speech. However, there are opponents who criticise the practice of limiting hate speech. They argue that these laws restrict the freedom of

3 Prelim 4E5N Hum: SS 2021 (2272, 2273, 2274, 2288) /1 expression. There are also fears that hate speech laws can be used to silence the individuals who disagree with the government. Study the following sources to consider the impact of hate speech on diverse societies.Source A:A cartoon titled “Madam and Eve” published in a South African newspaper in 2016. The South African government was debating whether to pass a hate speech bill. Source B:From an article written in an American university, 12 January 2021. Prosecuting websites in social media for starting hate speech are hard cases to make. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try. We need to update the laws the way we did with internet bullying where we make it something people can be held accountable for. In the absence of laws, private companies have taken action. Google and Apple have blocked Parler App from their app stores, citing concerns that it could not adequately screen out material that causes violence. As for individuals spreading hate speech, I am not sure who should be punished, if anyone—and more importantly, who should do the punishing. Having Mark Zuckerber, the CEO of Facebook make these decisions isn’t really a terrific process. It’s not democratic. But on the other hand, I do not like the idea of government regulation. Would laws made by governments do a better job monitoring misinformation? I’m sceptical. Source C:Extract from a study on who is responsible for fighting hate speech online, based on 1203 Americans conducted between May 21 and June 4, 2018. Party Percentage (%)Internet companies themselves46%People using the companies’ websites and apps38%The government16%

4 Prelim 4E5N Hum: SS 2021 (2272, 2273, 2274, 2288) /1 Source D:A speech by Simon Milner, Vice President of Asia Pacific at Facebook, 22 February 2019. Every single day, millions of people around the world share messages, videos and images with the people whom they care about, using Facebook. That also means that every single day, Facebook makes important decisions about what content stays up and what comes down, in line with our community standards. That has not always been easy as our experience around the world and in the Asia-Pacific has shown, but our priority remains keeping our global community safe, while making sure that everyone has a voice on issues which matter to them. Facebook is embarking on a year-long process beginning in Singapore this week to design a global body that will have the authority to review our most challenging and contentious content moderation decisions. Singapore - with its commitment to diverse views- is an ideal place to start this global conversation. Source E:From a Straits Times report of a Religious Rehabilitation Conference held in Singapore to discuss religious harmony, 20 March 2019. It was held 5 days after the Christchurch attack in New Zealand. A lone gunman conducted 2 consecutive mass shooting in mosques after being influenced by anti-immigrant hate news.During his speech with religious leaders in Sentosa, Mr Shanmugam referred to the shooting last Friday at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, that left 50 dead and 50 others injured, noting that the gunman had posted a 73-page manifesto online before carrying out the attacks." (It had) anti-immigrant, hate speech, anti-Muslim beliefs, and he live-streamed the attack, and he aimed for maximum deaths and damage." This is one of the reasons why Singapore has tough laws and a tough approach against hate speech. He added: "Online tech companies and platforms don't do enough to take down anti-Muslim messages. In Singapore, we take a very no-nonsense approach even though we get criticised for it.” (We) will continue to take a tough and strict approach, but a fair approach, across all communities," he said, adding that the Government wants to protect the religious rights of its people.Source F:From a blog posted by a professor from New Zealand in March 2020. She stayed in Singapore for many years. The parliament in New Zealand was debating on passing a hate speech law a year after the Christchurch attack. Singapore has long had strict controls on hate speech. Taken together with laws on hate speech in 2019, Singapore must have among the world’s most comprehensive legal controls against hate speech that could worsen religious or racial tensions. Singapore’s leaders claim these laws are necessary to maintain peace and cohesion in a multi-racial and multi-religious country. There is no evidence that Singapore’s arsenal of legal measures against hate speech actually promote racial or religious cohesion. A 2019 survey of public opinion shows that the country is divided on these grounds. Over 35 percent of minority Malays reported discrimination at work “sometimes” or “often”, while 32 percent of Indians (also a minority) reported the same. Singapore shows that even the strongest of hate speech laws are no fix for discriminatory attitudes. Reaching for judicial opinion to rule on moral and political issues may in fact be insufficient.

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