NCHS SS Prelim 2021 Answers

NCHS Prelim Social Studies 2021 Answer Scheme 1. Study Source A. Why was the cartoon published? Explain your answer using details from the source. [6] Level Descriptors Marks L1 Because of provenance The cartoon was published because the Chinese cartoonist opposed the idea of protectionism. 1m L2 Because of context only or message not phrased as a reason E.g. The cartoon was published because US President Trump had imposed tariffs on Chinese goods to protect America’s economy. E.g. The message of the cartoon is that the world economy is deteriorating due to protectionism. 2m L3 Because of the main message or because of outcome or impact it wants to achieve Award 3 marks for main message unsupported or without/weak intent or outcome unsupported; 4m for supported w clear intent word/ target audience E.g. The cartoon was published to convince the international readers that protectionism will only harm the world economy. Source A depicts a tree with a chain around its trunk. The cartoonist labelled the chain as protectionism to show that as a result of the protectionism the growth of the tree was adversely affected as the leaves are fallen off. In addition, the cartoonist also drew the branches of the tree as arrows pointing dow nward. This is also suggest economic decline due to protectionism. Or As the cartoon was published by Chinese Daily, an English -language newspaper circulated in China, the aim was to get the readers especially those in the business community to oppose and reject the idea of protectionism. 3-4

2 L4 Because of main message and outcome/context Award 5m for use of appropriate intent, identifying main message and outcome/context).; 6m for strong msg + outcome + context. Both element of L3 E.g. In the light of protectionist policies adopted by US President Trump on goods from China which threatens China’s economic growth, the cartoon was published to convince the readers that protectionism will only harm the world economy. Source A depicts a tree with a chain around its trunk. The cartoonist labelled the chain as protectionism to show that as a result of the protectionism the growth of the tree was adversely affected as the leaves had fallen due to tightening measures to protect domestic market and redu ce reliance on Chinese products. In addition, the cartoonist also drew the branches of the tree as arrows pointing downward. This is also suggest economic decline due to protectionism. As the cartoon was published by Chinese Daily, an English -language newspaper circulated in China, the aim was to get the international readers especially those in the business community to oppose and reject the idea of protectionism. 5-6m 2. Study Source B. How useful is this source in helping us understand why countries adopt protectionism? Explain your answer. Level Descriptors Marks L1 Useful or not useful based on lifting information from source E.g. Source B is useful in helping me understanding that developing countries adopted protectionism because ‘new manufacturers have an extremely difficult time competing against well -established, well -funded, extremely profitable companies in developed countries.’ 1m L2 Useful or Not Useful based on source content Award 2m for useful or not useful Award 3m for useful and not useful. E.g. Source B is useful in helping me understand that developing countries adopted protectionism to ensure the survival of their infant industries against competing established industries from developed countries. Source B states that ‘New manufacturers in developing nat ions may not have the economic and financial resources, as well as the technology, physical equipment, and research and development expertise to 2-3m

3 compete against older, established firms.’ This suggests that infant or new industries faced tough challenges t o survive and thus need the government to introduce measures to support them. OR E.g. Source B is however not useful in helping me understand that developed countries also adopt protectionism. L3 Usefulness based on content, supported by cross-reference Award 4m for useful or not useful, supported with cross-reference. Award 5m for useful and not useful, supported with cross-reference. E.g. Source B is reliable and thus useful in helping me understand that developing countries adopted protectionism to ensure the survival of their infant industries against competing established industries from developed nations as it can be supported by Source F. Source F states that ‘Protectionism provides lo cal industries with growth opportunities until they can compete against more experienced firms in the international market.’ This shows that Source F concurs with the view that protectionism will ensure the survival of new industries against foreign compet itions. Source B is reliable and hence useful as it is supported by Source F. OR E.g. Source B is unreliable and thus not useful in helping me understand that developing countries adopted protectionism to ensure the survival of their infant industries against competing established foreign industries as it can be challenged by Source E. Source E states that ‘the affected domestic industry may choose to relocate to countries with cheaper operational cost or use automated machinery to operate.’ This will mean protectionism may not have the desired effect of ensuring the survival of the new companies. Source B is hence not reliable and not useful as it is challenged by Source E. 4-5m

4 3. Study Sources C and D. Does Source C make you surprised of Source D? Explain your answer. [7] Level Descriptors Marks L1 Surprised/Not surprised based on provenance. E.g. Source C does makes me surprise of Source D because 1m L2 Surprised/Not surprised, based on content. Award 2 marks for inference (unclear basis of comparison / no ATQ without CR/Purpose) Award 3 marks for inference with support. (established basis of comparison) Award 3 marks for inference (No ATQ + CR / Purpose) E.g. Source C does make me surprise of Source D at it disagrees that protectionism c an bring about positive outcomes. Source C states that ‘Protection will lead to great prosperity and strength. We will bring back our jobs. We will bring back our wealth.’ This shows that protectionism will bring about economic development and increase emp loyment opportunities in a country. However, Source D disagrees and believe that protectionism will harm the economy. Source D states that ‘For many countries, COVID-19 has accelerated the retreat from globalisation, and the erection of more protectionist barriers. We must resist these pressures. A less connected world means a poorer world and fewer opportunities for all.’ This suggests that protectionism will only lead to negative effects and does not benefit the world. 2-3 m L3 Surprised / Not Surprised, based on the Cross-reference Award 4 marks both surprised OR not surprised. Award 5 marks both surprised AND not surprised. Source C does make me surprise of Source D as it disagrees that protectionism can bring about positive outcomes. Source C states that ‘Protection will lead to great prosperity and strength. We will bring back our jobs. We will bring back our wealth.’ This shows that protectionism will bring about economic development and increase employment opportunities in a country. However, Source D disagrees and believe that protectionism will harm the economy. Source D states that ‘For many countries, COVID-19 has accelerated the retreat from globalisation, and the erection of more protectionist barriers. We must resist these pressures. A less connected world means a poorer world and fewer opportunities for all.’ This suggests 4-5m

5 that protectionism will only lead to negative effects and does not benefit the world