(CHIJ SNGS) S4 FullHist Paper 2 PRELIM 2022-1

Name: _________________________ ( ) Class: _____________ PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION ORDINARY LEVEL HISTORY Paper 2: The Bi-Polar World Order (1945 - 1991) 2174/02 26 August 2022 1 hour 40 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, register number, and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer one question. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages. [Turn Over

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Study the Background Information and the sources carefully , and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you were told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. Why do you think Stalin made this comment to Kim Il Sung ? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Source B. How reliable is this source as evidence about the reasons behind American involvement in the Korean War? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Sources C and D. How far would the creators of these sources agree with each other ? Explain your answer. [5] (d) Study Source E. How useful is this source in telling us about the Korean War ? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all sources. “The Soviets should be blamed for the Korean War .” How far do the sources support this view? Explain your answer. [8]

3 The Korean War BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The Korean War began on 25 June 1950, when soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet - backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro -Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the fi rst military action of the Cold War. By July, American troops had entered the war on South Korea’s behalf. As far as American officials were concerned, it was a war against the forces of international communism itself. For North and South Korea however, th e conflict was a struggle between two competing visions for Korea’s future. Source A: Stalin’s comments to Kim Il Sung during a meeting at the Kremlin on 7 March 1949. You should not advance to the South. First of all , the Korean People’s Army does not have an overwhelming superiority over the troops of the South. Second, in the South there are still American troops, which will interfere in case of hostilities. Third, one should not forget that the agreement is in effe ct between the USSR and the United States on the 38th parallel. If the agreement is broken by our side, it is more of a reason to believe that Americans will interfere. If the adversary has aggressive intentions, then sooner or later it will start the aggression. In response to the attack you will have a good opportunity to launch a counterattack. Then your move will be understood and supported by everyone. Source B: Adapted from Truman’s statement on the invasion of South Korea by North Korean forces on 27 June 1950 In South Korea, Government forces, which were armed to prevent border raids and to preserve internal security, were attacked by invading forces from Nort h Korea. The Security Council of the United Nations called upon the invading troops to cease hostilities and to withdraw to the 38th parallel. This they have not done, but on the contrary have continued to attack. In these circumstances I have ordered Unit ed States air and sea forces to provide cover and support. This attack makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations and will now use armed invasion and war. It has defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserve international peace and security.

4 Source C: A leaflet dropped during the Korean War. The accompanying text says: “Korean Ox, Chinese Servant, Russian Master!” Source D: A leaflet dropped during the Korean War.

5 Source E: An excerpt from a North Korean high school textbook ‘History of the Revolution of our Great Leader Kim Il-Sung’ published in 1999. Upset by the fast and astonishing growth of the power of the Republic, the American invaders hastened the preparation of an aggressive war in order to destroy it in its infancy. The American imperialists furiously carried out the war project in 1950. The American invaders who had been preparing for war for a long time, alongside their puppets - South Korea, finally initiated the war on June 25th. That dawn, the enemies unexpectedly attacked t he North half of the Republic, and the war clouds hung over the once peaceful country, accompanied by the echoing roar of cannons. Having passed the 38th parallel, the enemies crawled deeper and deeper into the North half of the Republic. The invading forces of the enemies had to be eliminated and the threatened fate of our country and our people had to be saved. Source F: A historian’s account about the Korean War. Published in an academic journal in 2000. In the Cold War confrontation in Europe, Stalin had suffered a series of embarrassing, and potentially dangerous, foreign policy setbacks. The Marshall plan, the Berlin Blockade and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation were among a series of events that put the Soviet Union on the defensive. But there were other events that produced similar fears among American political and military leaders. The Soviets had detonated their first atomic bomb. The United States was stunned that Soviet scientists had managed to end the atomic monopoly so quickly. Then, Mao Zedong announced the creation of the People’s Republic of China- signaling the impending victory of Communism in the world’s most populous nation. As such, Stalin was interested in furthering his successes in Asia.

6 Section B: Structured-Essay Questions Answer one question. 2 This question is on the end of the Cold War (a) Explain why the Soviet economy was weak in the 1970s. [8] (b) ‘Political reforms were the main reason why the Soviet Union collapsed.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [12] 3 This question is on decolonisation in Vietnam (a) Explain why the Japanese Occupation led to an increased desire for independence in Vietnam. [8] (b) ‘The Vietnamese Communists were the main reason why Vietnam attained independence in 1976 .’ How far do you agree with this statem ent? Explain your answer. [12] END OF PAPER

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8 BLANK PAGE __________________________________________________________________ Copyright Acknowledgements: Source A https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/ijoks/v14i2/f_0019548_16694.pdf Source B https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/116192.pdf?v=cd0b66b71d6a0412d275a5088a18db5d Source C http://www.psywarrior.com/DivideandConquer.html Source D https://www.allposters.com/-st/North-Korean-Propaganda-Posters_c274043_.htm Source E https://sheg.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/download-pdf/Korean%20War%20Lesson%20Plan_0.pdf Source F h