(CHIJ SNGS) S4 FullHist Paper 1 PRELIM 2022-1

Name: _________________________ ( ) Class: _____________ PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION ORDINARY LEVEL HISTORY Paper 1: European Dominance and Challenges (1870s – 1945) 2174/01 19 August 2022 1 hour 40 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, register number, and class on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer one question. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. You may keep the question paper. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages. [Turn Over

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Study the Background Information and the sources carefully , and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you were told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. What is the message of the source? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C. How far does Source C prove that Hindenburg made the ‘ right choice’ in Source B? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Source D. How useful is Source D in telling us about how Hitler’s rule impacted workers? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Source E. Are you surprised by this source? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all sources. “Hitler was the hero of Germany .” How far do the sources support this view? Explain your answer. [8]

3 Hitler’s Germany BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. Hitler assumed the German chancellorship in January 1933 during a time of great instability in the country. On top of a political crisis, the German economy was in dire straits. A large proportion of Germany’s work force was unemployed. By 1936 however, most of the jobless had disappeared from official unemployment statistics. How did Hitler pull it off? Had Hitler and the Nazis accomplished an extraordinary feat no other industrialised nation had? Source A: A cartoon published in a magazine in March 1933. The caption reads, “Hitler in the role of Nero1: Just as Old Rome died, may communism do the same – in a great fire”. 1: Nero was an infamous Roman emperor known for his corrupt practices and political murders. He was a passionate musician and according to legend, was playing his fiddle while Rome burned to the ground.

4 Source B: Adapted from a historian’s account about t he celebrations that accompanied the re-opening of the Reichstag in March 1933. Even greater fanfare was devoted to the re-opening of the Reichstag. Goebbels was assigned to choreograph the opening ceremonies of what became the “Day at Potsdam”. The small town of Potsdam just outside Berlin featured a sea of Imperial flags of black-white-red. A young man living in Potsdam, twelve-year-old Hoimar von Ditfurth fondly remembered Hitler’s inspiring words at the ceremony, “We have become again, real Germans.” The Reich president, Hindenburg, appeared in the uniform of a Prussian general field marshal. He was deeply moved by what seemed to him a moment of national rebirth. To him, it was further proof that appointing Hitler was the right choice. Source C: An excerpt from a Nazi Party brochure, published in 1938 Do you remember the state of Germany in the days before the aged Reich President von Hindenburg chose Adolf Hitler and his party as the last hope of saving Germany from certain political, social and economic collapse? Tens of thousands of factories had closed their gates. Million s lost their jobs. People depended on meagre public assistance and spent their time without hope of escaping their misery. By the end of 1933, 2 million citizens had jobs again. By September 1936, the number of unemployed had fallen beneath a million. By 1937, unemployment vanished. Now the problem was a shortage of workers for the tasks at hand. A shortage of jobs became a shortage of workers! This is all thanks to the Führer’s rapid and energetic actions. Source D: An excerpt from a report titled ‘Mood Among Workers. ’ Published by the exiled leadership of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, a Marxist influenced group in 1938. Among industrial workers there are many who do not care about the successes of the Hitler system and have only scorn and contempt for the whole show. Most of the skilled workers who were unemployed for a long time are not enthusiastic Nazis. They complain about the conditions but at the end of the day, they al ways say: 'It's all the same to us; at least we have work'. These workers know there is a labor shortage, but they are all scared of losing their jobs. The years of unemployment have not been forgotten. Those who are still Nazis in the plant are subdued. The facts speak clearly enough for themselves. The fact that one's wages continually buy less and less and that the slave driving gets worse and worse every day cannot be denied.

5 Source E: Adapted from a propaganda poster published in the Daily Mirror, a British newspaper in 1939. Source F: An extract from a book about the German economy by a historian. It was published in 1954. The biggest consideration was to take the unemployed off the streets. By putting the unemployed workers by to work, Hitler not only made himself the idol of the nation but he put at his disposal an extra productive power on which to carry on his desire to rearm. However no effort was made to either raise wages for workers or prices of goods. On the contrary every effort was made to prevent their rising, the intention being to keep costs down. There were also restrictions on investments in industries that produced goods for consumers. So although greater employment created increased demands for such consumer goods, there was an insufficient supply. For the MURDER of over a thousand of his countrymen on the night of the Blood Bath, June 30 1934. For the KIDNAPPING of countless victims in his concentration camps. For ROBBING mankind of peace, of humanity and for his cruel assault on civilisation. For ARSON on the night of February 27, 1933 at the Reichstag.

6 Section B: Structured-Essay Questions Answer one question. 2 This question is on British Malaya (a) Explain why the British implemented the Federated Malay States in 1896. [8] (b) ‘The need for raw materials was the main reason for British intervention in Malaya in the 1870s.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [12] 3 This question is on World War Two in Europe. (a) Explain why the British pursued appeasement with Germany in the 1930s. [8] (b) ‘The decision to invade the Soviet Union was the main reason for Germany’s defeat during World War II.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [12] END OF PAPER

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8 BLANK PAGE __________________________________________________________________ Copyright Acknowledgements: Source A Political Cartoon, taken from https://www.womkat.edu.pl/resources/upload/konkursykuratoryjne/arkusze/Historia/arch_hist_20202021_sp_wo _ar.pdf Source B Gellately, Ro