2022/2023_CHS_IP_Biology Notes(Y3-Y4)

Year 3 / Cell Structure & Organisation Teacher’s Copy Prepared by: Jeffrey Goh Last updated by: Jeffrey Goh on 30 Nov 2021 Page 1 Catholic High School Integrated Programme Year 3 Biology Lecture Notes 01 – Cell Structure & Organisation Name: Class: A. Content • Plant and animal cells • Specialised cells, tissues and organs B. Learning Outcomes Students should be able to: (a) identify cell structures (including organelles) of typical plant and animal cells from diagrams, photomicrographs and as seen under the light microscope using prepared slides and fresh material treated with an appropriate temporary staining technique: • chloroplasts • cell membrane • cell wall • cytoplasm • cell vacuoles (large, sap-filled in plant cells, small, temporary in animal cells) • nucleus (b) identify the following membrane systems and organelles from diagrams and electron micrographs: • endoplasmic reticulum • mitochondria • Golgi body • ribosomes (c) state the functions of the membrane systems and organelles identified above. (d) compare the structure of typical animal and plant cells. (e) state, in simple terms, the relationship between cell function and cell structure for the following: • absorption – root hair cells • conduction and support – xylem vessels • transport of oxygen – red blood cells (f) differentiate cell, tissue, organ and organ system. C. References 1. Clegg, C. J. and Mackean, D. G. Advanced Biology: Principles and Applications (2nd ed). John Murray (Publishers) Ltd. 2. Lam, P. K. and Lam, E. Y. K. GCE ‘O’ Level: Biology Matters (2nd ed). Marshall Cavendish Education. 3. Mackean, D. G. GCSE Biology (3rd ed). John Murray (Publishers) Ltd. 4. Miller, K. R. and Levine, J. Biology. Pearson Prentice Hall. 5. Reece, J. B., Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V. and Jackson, R. B. Campbell Biology (9th ed). The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. D. Lecture Outline 1. Introduction 2. Historical perspectives 3. Cell structure 4. Cell differentiation E. Practical Work • Preparing, observing and drawing plant cells

Year 3 / Cell Structure & Organisation Teacher’s Copy Prepared by: Jeffrey Goh Last updated by: Jeffrey Goh on 30 Nov 2021 Page 2 1. INTRODUCTION The cell is the basic unit of life from which organisms are made. Cells are microscopic and can only be seen through the magnifying lenses of a microscope. In 1665, Englishman Robert Hooke published his book Micrographia, which contains drawings of thin slices of cork seen through a microscope. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek (pronounced ‘Laywenhook’) was one of the very first to produce detailed observations of plant and animal cells with his self -made microscope. The study of the structure of cells (cytology) is a major branch of cell biology. Figure 1.1 A Leeuwenhoek microscope can