BV 4NA Humanities Geography 2175 MARK SCHEME

BEDOK VIEW SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2022 HUMANITIES 2175/02 Secondary Four Normal (Academic) 29 July 2022 Paper 2 Geography 1 hour 40 minutes MARK SCHEME Setter: Ms Victoria Ching This document consists of 23 printed pages, including this cover page.

2 Section A Answer either Question 1 or Question 2 from this section. 1 A group of students conducted a tourism study in Kilauea, a shield volcano in the Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park as shown in Fig. 1. Map of Kilauea in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park Fig. 1 (a) Using information from Fig. 1, suggest a hypothesis that the students can use to investigate the reasons why tourists are attracted to the park. [1] Award 1m for any suitable hypothesis with reference to Fig. 1. Accept any one of the suggestions below or other plausible answers. • Most tourists are attracted to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park because of Kilauea/ visiting the volcano Kilauea. • Most tourists visit the park for its scenery/ the Kilauea visitor centre/ volcano village/ the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory & NPS Jagar museum. Depressions formed by volcano shifting or expanding The Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park is a national park located on the island of Hawaii. The park includes of one of the world's most active shield volcano, Kīlauea.

3 (b) The students devised a questionnaire as shown in Fig. 2 and used systematic sampling to conduct the study on 200 respondents. Questionnaire on Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park Fig. 2 VISITOR QUESTIONNAIRE We are a group of Geography students conducting a study on tourism in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park. We value your opinions and would be grateful if you could take a few minutes to help us with our study. Date:________________________ Time:________________________ 1. Age group ❏ ≤ 20 years old ❏ 21 to 40 years old ❏ 41 to 60 years old ❏ ≥ 61 years old 2. Gender ❏ Male ❏ Female 3. How long is your visit to Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park? ❏ Half a day ❏ 1 day ❏ 2 days ❏ 3 days ❏ More than 3 days ❏ Others:___________________________________________ 4. Rate the ease of accessibility to Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park: ❏ 1 – Not accessible ❏ 2 – Somewhat accessible ❏ 3 – Moderately accessible ❏ 4 – Accessible ❏ 5 – Very accessible 5. Why do you visit Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (i) Explain how systematic sampling is carried out. [2] Award 1m for each point. • Systematic sampling is carried out using predetermined interval. • The students can select a number e.g., 2 and carried out the questionnaire on every 2nd, 4th and 6th etc respondents

4 (ii) The students decided to carry out the questionnaire at the Kilauea Visitor Center. Do you think this is an ideal site? Give reasons to justify your answer. [3] Award 1m for agreeing on the ideal site. Award up to 2m for explaining why Kilauea Visitor Center is an ideal site. Accept other plausible answers. • Yes the site is ideal. • There would be a large number of visitors that would be available for the sampling size and method. • The site is neutral as it is not at the specific places of interest and hence will not result in biasness in data collection. • Visitors at the visitor center may be more willing to participate in the questionnaire as they may be able to spare some time unlike visitors at the Pu’u Loa Trailhead who maybe hiking and it would not be ideal to disrupt them from their activities. (iii) Using Fig. 2, describe the features of the questionnaire and the advantages of using different types of questions. [3] Award 1m for describing a feature of the questionnaire and up to 2m for advantages of using open and closed-ended questions. Accept other plausible answers. • The features of the questionnaire include questions that require personal details, closed- and open-ended questions. • The closed -ended questions are easy to answer and collate and can be used for statistical analysis. • The open-ended questions are useful in helping to get more detailed responses and is ideal to ask questions on perception and opinions. (c) The students collated the data on the tourists’ length of stay at the park and used Table 1 and Fig. 3 to represent their data. Table 1 Tourists’ Length of stay Length of stay Half a day 1 day 2 days 3 days > 3 days Number of tourists 104 43 28 17 8 Fig. 3

5 (i) Using information from Table 1, complete the pie chart for tourists’ length of stay for 3 days and more than 3 days and use a suitable shading for the pie chart and legend on Fig. 3. [2] Award 1m for accurately subdividing the last segment of the pie chart and 1m for using different pattern or shade in the pie chart and the key. (ii) Which of the data representation method, Table 1 or Fig. 3, is more useful in helping the students to draw conclusions? Give reasons to support your answer. [2] Award 1m for selecting table or pie chart with a valid reason. Award another 1m for another reason or . Accept other plausible answers. • The table is useful as it can show the absolute figure of the tourists’ length of stay. • Readers can easily compare the data of see the highest and lowest no. of tourists’ length of stay. OR • The pie graph is more useful as it can show the percentage or proportion of the tourists’ length of stay. • The visual representation is easy to interpret as it is easy to conclude that the largest proportion of tourists of more than 50% stay for half a day.

6 2 A group of students were investigating the weather in east Japan. They collected data from locations Nebukawa and Odawarajo during the day. Study Tables 2 and 3, which show the relative humidity and temperature results collected by the students, and Fig. 4, which shows a satellite map of the two locations. Table 2 Results of relative humidity and temperature in Nebukawa Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Relative Humidity (%) 80.5 80.5 84 81 82 Highest Temperature (°C) 29 29 29 28 30 Lowest Temperature (°C) 28 26 27 26 28 Mean Temperature (°C) 28.5 27.5 28 27 29 Table 3 Results of relative humidity and temperature in Odawarajo Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Relative Humidity (%) 78 81 75.5 77 73 Highest Temperature (°C) 32 32 31 33 32 Lowest Temperature (°C) 27 29 28 29 28 Mean Temperature (°C) 29.5 30.5 29.5 31 30 A satellite image of east Japan Fig. 4 Sagami-nada Sea Nebukawa Odawarajo 2 km |_____________|

7 (a) Suggest a guiding question that the students can investigate. [1] Award up to 1m max for a guiding question that links location to temperature or humidity. Accept other plausible answers. • How does distance from the coast affect temperature/relative humidity? OR • Is temperature/relative humidity affected by proximity to the coast? (b) From Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 4, the students came up with a hypothesis: “Relative humidity is higher when the location is closer to the coast”. To what extent is the hypothesis true? Support your answer with evidence. [1] Award up to 1m for validating hypothesis,1m for supporting hypothesis and 1m for citing anomaly. • The hypothesis is true to a large extent. • The relative humidity at Nebukawa is above 80% for all the days whereas the relative humidity of Odawarajo stays below 80% (between 73% - 78%) for Mon, Wed, Thu and Fri • An anomaly is noted on Tues in Odawarajo. Relative humidity is 81% which is much higher than the rest of days. (d) The students wanted to show the mean temperature of Nebukawa on a line graph. Using dat