SCGS 3IPEOY History

2 [Turn Over Section A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those which you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. Why was this cartoon published? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C. Does Source B support what Source C says? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Source D. Do you believe what this source says? Explain your answer [6] (d) Study Source E. Are you surprised by what this source says? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. ‘The Soviet people worked hard because of their desire to gain rewards.’ How far do the sources support this statement? Explain your answer [8] 2020 EOY Paper

3 [Turn Over Stalin’s industrialisation programmes BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. After Stalin became the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union, he introduced economic policies which had far-reaching repercussions on Soviet economy and society . One of these was the r apid industrialisation programmes through his Five Year Plans to transform the country. Massive targets were set and impressive results were achieved in some industrial sectors. How did Stalin manage to get the Soviet workers to achieve such results? Source A: A Soviet cartoon showing the leading ‘Stakhanovite’ blooming mill operators, featured in the Magnitogorsk newspaper. One of the operators featured was V.P. Ogorodnikov whose name featured four times in a list of eight record breaking shifts in Magnitogorsk steel m ill between September 1935 and January 1936. He was the second -highest- earning worker in Magnitogorsk and was rewarded with a brand new motor cycle and an individual house with its own garden.

4 [Turn Over Source B: Adapted from a book written by a historian in 2002. Source C: A Soviet poster displayed in Soviet factories in the 1930s. It shows a drunk worker trying to hold back the advance of Soviet industry. The words in Russian urge workers to write the names of lazy workers in the space on the bottom right-hand corner. A group of young volunteers, working double shifts, whole days without rest and with little food, met to discuss the work on blast furnace number 2, ‘their’ furnace, the Komolska… The idea that the Soviet Union was at last on the road to socialism, via industrialisation, got many working hard. There was a feeling that they were creating a new type of society that would be far superior to that of their capitalist neighbours. Industrialisation was the way to create the ideal world and to protect themselves from hostile forces that appeared to be surrounding them.

5 [Turn Over Source D: Extracts from a speech by Stalin to the first All -Union Conference of Stakhanovites in November 1935. Source E: Adapted from an account given by a historian on the impac t of Stalin’s industrialisation programmes Source F: Taken from a speech made by Stalin to factory workers in 1931. This movement started spontaneously, from below, without any pressure whatsoever from the industry managers. More than that, this movement in a way arose despite the opposition of some managers and workers who jeered Stakhanov because of his ‘new ideas’. T he basis for the Stakhanovite movement was first and foremost the radical improvement in the material welfare of the workers. Life has improved, comrades. Life has become more joyous. And when life is joyous, work goes well. Hence high levels of output. Hence the heroes and heroines of labour. Throughout history Russia has been beaten again and again because she was backward… All have beaten her because of her military, industrial and agricultural backwardness. If you are backward, then you are in the wrong and may be beaten and enslaved. But if you are powerful, people must beware of you… It is sometimes asked whether it is possible to slow down the tempo of industrialisation. No, comrades, it is not possible… To slacken means to lag behind. Those who fall behind get beaten… We are 50 to 100 yea rs behind the advanced countries. Either we make good the difference in ten years or they crush us. In March 1928, managerial and technical staff were accused of counter -revolutionary activities at the Shakhty coal mine in Donbass. Stalin was closely involved in the trial proceedings. The staff were forced to confess to subversive activities in a show trial for all the public to see. Five were executed and the rest were given long prison sentences… As industrialisation gathered momentum in the 1930s, purges swept away managers, technicians, planners, supervisors. Everywhere were said to be spies, wreckers, saboteurs.

6 [Turn Over Section B: Structured-Essay Questions Answer one question. 2 This question is about Impact of World War I in Europe (a) Why did the League of Nations failed? [8] (b) ‘The need to prevent a future conflict was a more important reason than seeking compensation from Germany in drafting of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.’ How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [12] 3 This question is about Nazi Germany (a) Why was Hitler able to control the German people? [8] (b) ‘The 1929 economic depression in the USA was a more important reason than the fear of communism in helping Hitler rise to power.’ How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [12] End of Paper Copyright Acknowledgements: Source A: Corin, Chris, Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin, Hodder Education: 2002 Source B: https://www.e-reading-lib.com/bookreader.php/1059361/Magnetic_Mountain.html Source C: Ross, Stewart, The USSR under Stalin, Wayland Publishers: 1991 Source D: Walsh, Ben, History Option B: The 20th Century, Hodder Education: 2018 Source E: Walsh, Ben, GCSE Modern World History, Hodder Murray: 2001 Source F: Corin, Chris, Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin, Hodder Education: 2002

7 [Turn Over Singapore Chinese Girls’ School Secondary 3 OLP History Elective End-Of-Year Examination 2020 Suggested Mark Scheme Section A: Source-Based Case Study [30 marks] 1(a) Study Source A. Why was this cartoon published? Explain your answer. [5] Level Level descriptor Marks 1 Describes the sources 1 2 Infers on message e.g.: This cartoon was published to convince the Soviet people of the benefits of working hard to exceed work targets. This is evident from Source A that features Stakhanovites at a mill factory in Magnitogorsk and the benefits that they received for exceeding work targets. It shows a Stakhanovite, V.P. Ogorodnikov, the second- highest-earning worker in Magnitogorsk who was rewarded with a brand new motor cycle and an individual house with its own garden. 2 3 Answers based on context e.g.: This cartoon was published because Stalin rolled out his Five Year Plans starting from 1928 with massive targets in heavy industrial sectors such as steel and c