NYGH 2022-S3EOY-Adv Hist

Class Register Number Name End-of-Year Examination 2022 Secondary 3 ADVANCED HISTORY Paper 1 2 hours Tuesday 4 October 0845-1045 Additional Materials: Writing paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST 1. Write your name, register number and class on all the work you hand in. 2. Write in dark blue or black ink. 3. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction tape/fluid. 4. Write your answers and working on the separate writing paper provided, unless otherwise stated. 5. Section A – Answer all parts of question 1. Section B – Answer either question 2 or 3. 6. Please leave 3 blank lines after each sub-question. 7. Start each question on a fresh sheet of paper. 8. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. 9. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 5 printed pages Setter(s): Ong Lee Hua NANYANG GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL [Turn over

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1a) Study Source A. What is the source saying about the rise of Hitler? Explain your answer. [5] b) Study Source B. How useful is this source in helping you understand German response to Hitler? Explain your answer. [6] c) Study Sources E and F. How different are these two sources in their portrayal of Hitler’s rise to power? Explain your answer. [6] d) Study Sources B-F. How far do you agree that the rise of the Nazis was due largely to the weaknesses of Hitler’s opponents? Explain your answer. [15]

3 [Turn over To what extent was the rise of Hitler due to the weaknesses of his opponents? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The Nazi Party was founded in 1920 and Adolf Hitler had remained one of its most influential leaders. Despite having little electoral success garnering less than 5% of votes in each of the elections held in the 1920s, the Nazi Party had risen to become one of the most important political parties in Germany by September 1930. On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed the German Chancellor. Many attributed the rise of Hitler and the Nazis to the inept Weimar government. But were the weaknesses of the Weimar and Hitler’s opponents the main reason why Hitler rose to power? Source A: Heinrich Mann, a German democrat and pacifist, writing in December 1931 about the rise of Hitler. It is already evening in Germany, if not midnight. That gives Mr. Hitler his big chance as he most likely knows. Wer e Germans able to examine their situation with a clear head, he would not win them over…The condition of Germany is above all a psychological one. The collapse of the economy would have been nothing new. The economy is collapsing everywhere, but only in Germany does the process achieve its maximum effect on spirits. One recalls in the 1920s, that the currency in all countries were threatened. Only in Germany did it succumb utterly to ruin [in 1923], the Germans let it become ruined without any resistance, for reasons of spirit, from a deficiency of inner resistance. It seems National Socialism could come to power because the Germans are hearing once again the call from the abyss…the fact is that in this country democracy has never won in bloody battle. In one historical moment, after the defeat in the war, it appeared as a possible way out, compared to the disaster of the monarchy and the threat of Bolshevism…Now one sees that the state is treating Hitler’s private army not as a threat to its own existence but as a desirable ally to increase its own power. Source B: A recollection of an ex-German soldier in the early 1930s. The fact is Hitler looks every man in the eye… Our feelings led us to Hitler. There was a tremendous surge in our hearts a something that said: “Hitler you are our man. You speak as a soldier at the front and as a man, you know the grind, you yourslef have been a working man. You have lain in the mud, even as we-no big shot, but an unknown soldier. You have given your whole being, all your warm heart, to German manhood, for the well-being of Germany rather than your personal advancement or self-seeking. For your inner most heart, will not let you do otherwise. Source C: An excerpt from a History book published in 2000. The unemployed received national insurance assistance for twenty-six weeks…Already in December 1929, the federal agency responsible for this payment was 342 million marks in debt to the Reich government. Municipal tax revenue also failed to keep pace with welfare funding. The Muller cabinet’s emergency budget scrapped through the Parliament, but fundamental conflicts between the right wing liberal German People’s Party , representing employers who wished to see benefits cut and taxes shifted from businesses to consumption and the social democrats, representing unions that wanted unemployment benefits increased and emergency taxation imposed, led to the collective resignation of the coalition in March 1930.

4 Source D: A view by Ian Kershaw, a leading British expert and historian, on Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany, written in 1998. Without the changed conditions, the product of a lost war, a revolution and a pervasive sense of national humiliation, Hitler would have remained a nobody. His main ability by far, as he came to realise during the course of 1919, was that in the prevailing circumstances he could inspire an audience which shared his basic political feelings, by the way he spoke, by the force of his rhetoric, by the very power of his prejudice, by the conviction he conveyed that there was a way out of Germany's plight, and that only the way he outlined was the road to national rebirth. Source E: A British cartoon published in early 1933 showed Hitler as chancellor is sitting on the shoulders of Hindenburg and Von Papen. Source F: An excerpt from a journal article on the historiography of Hitler’s rise to power, published in 1965. Was there really a Machtergreifung*? The term is now a common place in historical narratives, for both the Nazis themselves describing 30 January 1933 as the day of Machtergreifung and also many disillusioned democrats dated the demise of democracy in Germany from that inauspicious occasion. But in fact no seizure of power actually took place. Hitler was given power by President Hindenburg without any show of force, and did everything he could to reassure the hesitant majority that his rule would mark no radical break with the past. Many Ger mans were to claim that Hitler ‘s appointment as Reich Chancellor had taken place in a framework of legalism and represented to many not a total Nazi victory but only another temporary coalition of the national opposition. Only afterwards had the totalitarian nature of the regime become apparent, For that, Germans claim that they cannot be held culpable for their inaction in 1933 because they did not realise what was to follow. *Machtergreifung- seizure of power

5 [Turn over Section B: Essay Questions Answer either Question 2 or 3. 2. This question is about French colonial rule in Vietnam. “The political impact of French colonialism in Vietnam was more significant than its socio-economic impact.” How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.